Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35456633›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2022

Mucoadhesive PLGA Nanospheres and Nanocapsules for Lactoferrin Controlled Ocular Delivery.

Rubén Varela-Fernández, Xurxo García-Otero, Victoria Díaz-Tomé, Uxía Regueiro, Maite López-López, Miguel González-Barcia, María Isabel Lema, Francisco Javier Otero-Espinar

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Optimized PLGA encapsulated SA-2 nanosuspension exhibits sustained intraocular pressure reduction in the mouse microbead occlusion model of ocular hypertension.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rubén Varela-FernándezDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Xurxo García-OteroDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8351-3180
Victoria Díaz-ToméDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0107-1292
Uxía RegueiroClinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Maite López-LópezClinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Miguel González-BarciaClinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
María Isabel LemaDepartment of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Ophthalmology Area, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2894-0331
Francisco Javier Otero-EspinarDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9030-2253
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela · ESInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundthe present work describes the preparation, characterization and optimization of eight types of PLGA-based nanosystems (nanospheres and nanocapsules) as innovative mucoadhesive drug delivery systems of lactoferrin, in order to achieve a preclinical consistent base as an alternative pharmacological treatment to different ocular syndromes and diseases.

methodsAll different nanoparticles were prepared via two modified nanoprecipitation techniques, using a three-component mixture of drug/polymer/surfactant (Lf/PLGA/Poloxamer), as a way to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional PLGA NPs. These modified polymeric nanocarriers, intended for topical ophthalmic administration, were subjected to in vitro characterization, surface modification and in vitro and in vivo assessments.

resultsAn appropriate size range, uniform size distribution and negative ζ potential values were obtained for all types of formulations. Lactoferrin could be effectively included into all types of nanoparticles with appropriate encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity values. A greater, extended, and controlled delivery of Lf from the polymeric matrix was observed through the in vitro release studies. No instability or cytotoxicity was proved for all the formulations by means of organotypic models. Additionally, mucoadhesive in vitro and in vivo experiments show a significant increase in the residence time of the nanoparticles in the eye surface.

conclusionsall types of prepared PLGA nanoparticles might be a potential alternative for the topical ophthalmic administration of lactoferrin.

Indexed as

corneal ecstatic disorderkeratoconuslactoferrinnanoparticlesnanoprecipitationPLGAprotein nanocarrierstopical ophthalmic administration

Identifiers

PMID35456633
PMCPMC9029159
OpenAlexW4224263913

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.