ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Rivastigmine: Design and Application in Skin Mimetic Model.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microneedles for Vaccination: Mechanistic Foundations, Materials Innovation, Clinical Translation, and Global Health Implementation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Intranasal hydrogels for Alzheimer's disease: from nasal-interface engineering to brain targeting and translational readiness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Polymeric Microneedles: Advancing Potential Through Innovative Manufacturing, Polymer Design, and Characterization Techniques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Beyond the Needle: Innovative Microneedle-Based Transdermal Vaccination.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Drug Delivery Systems as a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of FDA-Approved Alzheimer's Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the last years, microneedles (MNs) have been considered a valuable, painless, and minimally invasive approach for controlled transdermal drug delivery (TDD). Rivastigmine (RV), a drug administered to patients suffering from dementia, is currently delivered by oral or transdermal routes; however, both present limitations, mainly gastrointestinal adverse symptoms or local skin irritation and drug losses, respectively, for each route. Given this, the objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate the potential of polymeric MNs for RV transdermal delivery in a controlled manner. Polymeric MNs with two needle heights and different compositions were developed with calcein as a fluorescent model molecule. Morphology and mechanical characterisation were accessed. Skin permeation experiments showed the ability of the devices to deliver calcein and confirmed that the arrays were able to efficiently pierce the skin. To obtain a new TDD anti-dementia therapeutic solution, RV was loaded in 800 µm polymeric MNs of alginate and alginate/k-carrageenan MNs. In the presence of RV, the MN's morphology was maintained; however, the presence of RV influenced the compression force. Skin permeation studies revealed that RV-loaded MNs allowed a more efficient controlled release of the drug than the commercial patch. In vivo, skin irritation tests in rabbits revealed that the developed MNs were innocuous upon removal, in contrast with the evidence found for Exelon
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.