ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Diagnostic Challenges in Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Optimizing the Clinical Approach.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Outside a Specialized TB Center: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Pathways, and Factors Associated with Microbiological Confirmation in a Romanian Tertiary Hospital.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis in North Kivu: The Urgency of a Targeted Response to a Forgotten Childhood Disease.Public health challenges · 2026Review
- Current Landscape of Molecular Diagnostic Tests and Emerging Tools for Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Asymptomatic Tuberculosis in Children With Household Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome in children in four provinces of Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study, 2018-2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Western Cape: A Population-Based Study (2017-2023).Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Implementation of tuberculosis (TB) services for children living with HIV in US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief-supported programs in 16 high TB/HIV-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Factors contributing to low tuberculosis diagnosis among children aged 0-14 years in Gem Sub County in Siaya County, Kenya.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of tuberculosis among young hospitalised children with acute illness in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of stool based Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children, Northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- POCUS Examination of the Mediastinum in Children: A Simplified and Standardized Protocol for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.POCUS journal · 2025Article
- Missed opportunity for tuberculosis screening and prevention and the associated factors among child contacts in rural southwestern Uganda.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Treatment decision algorithms for tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition: a cost-effectiveness analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Age- and sex-specific care cascades to detect gaps in the care of children with tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a cohort study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnostics for Pediatric Tuberculosis Based on Assay Time, Ease of Operation, and Performance.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions from using targeted sequencing to diagnose and manage drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Eswatini.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Treatment completion and challenges in rolling out 12-dose weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis among people living with HIV and pediatric household contacts in Brazil.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025Article
- Pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment loss to follow-up and associated factors among patients with presumed tuberculosis and those diagnosed in Uganda.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Assessment of radiological capacity and disparities in TB diagnosis: a comparative study of Mozambique, South Africa and Spain.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in the first decade of life: a South African birth cohort study.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The management of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is hampered by the low sensitivity and limited accessibility of microbiological testing. Optimizing clinical approaches is therefore critical to close the persistent gaps in TB case detection and prevention necessary to realize the child mortality targets of the End TB Strategy. In this review, we provide practical guidance summarizing the evidence and guidelines describing the use of symptoms and signs in decision making for children being evaluated for either TB preventive treatment (TPT) or TB disease treatment in high-TB incidence settings. Among at-risk children being evaluated for TPT, a symptom screen may be used to differentiate children who require further investigation for TB disease before receiving TPT. For symptomatic children being investigated for TB disease, an algorithmic approach can inform which children should receive TB treatment, even in the absence of imaging or microbiological confirmation. Though clinical approaches have limitations in accuracy, they are readily available and can provide valuable guidance for decision making in resource-limited settings to increase treatment access. We discuss the trade-offs in using them to make TB treatment decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.