ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Depression and Autoimmune Hypothyroidism-Their Relationship and the Effects of Treating Psychiatric and Thyroid Disorders on Changes in Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Including BDNF and Other Cytokines-A Systematic Review.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genetic correlation and causal relationships between autoimmune thyroid disease and major depressive disorders.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of the Musculoskeletal Axis and Body Composition Parameters in Women with Controlled Thyroid Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Causal Association Between Antidepressant Use and Thyroid Disease Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune programming of childhood trauma: comorbid mechanisms and developmental origins of depression and autoimmune diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in psychiatric inpatients: A cross sectional prevalence study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- The role of hypothyroidism in the resilience against depressive episodes during covid pandemic in a cohort of old adults.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Thyroid function and depression among adolescents: a cross-sectional study exploring sex-based differences.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Association between depressive symptoms and thyroid nodule incidence in women: a prospective observational study.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Metabolomic Changes in Major Depressive Disorder Adolescent Females with or without Suicide Attempts.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Association between depression and anxiety disorders with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on endocrine system (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Causal association between body mass index and autoimmune thyroiditis: evidence from Mendelian randomization.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Association between affective temperaments and psychosomatic symptoms in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Hypothyroidism and Depression: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hypothyroidism (AHT), are associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorders throughout life. Depression is accompanied by the changes in the levels of inflammatory and trophic factors, including interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6), interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Disclosure of the relationship between the coexistence of depression and AHT indicates that the pathomechanism of depression may be related to the changes in the immune system, it is also possible that both conditions may be caused by the same immune processes. The above hypothesis is indirectly supported by the observations that the treatment with both antidepressants and levothyroxine leads to a decrease in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines with an increase in BDNF concentrations, simultaneously correlating with an improvement in the clinical parameters. However, so far there are no long-term studies determining the causal relationship between depression, thyroid autoantibodies, and cytokine profile, which could bring us closer to understanding the interrelationships between them and facilitate the use of an adequate pharmacotherapy, not necessarily psychiatric. We consider the above issues to be insufficiently investigated but of great importance. This article is an overview of the available literature as well as an introduction to our research project.
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Registered trials
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