ArticleVaccines2022
Economic-Related Inequalities in Zero-Dose Children: A Study of Non-Receipt of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Immunization Using Household Health Survey Data from 89 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Progress in reaching zero-dose children: analysis of population-modifiable risk factors and inequity trends in low- and lower-middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Article
- Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in zero-dose children aged 12-23 months in India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Variations in Routine Childhood Vaccination Gaps: A Decomposition Analysis Across 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Advancing Inequality Monitoring in Immunization: Reflecting on 10 Years of WHO Contributions.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Can unvaccinated children be reached through mobile phones? Analyses of national cross-sectional surveys from 70 countries.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Multiple deprivations as drivers of suboptimal basic child vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: cross-sectional analysis of household survey data for 18,136 children across 211 regions in 15 countries.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Economic and healthcare determinants of under-five mortality in low-income countries.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Does unintended birth lead to zero dose of DPT vaccine among children aged 12-23 months in India?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Inequalities in ownership and availability of home-based vaccination records in 82 low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Zero-dose children and the extended immunisation cascade: Understanding the path to full immunisation with six childhood vaccines in 43 countries.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Vaccines coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in the Pawie district, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Child immunization status according to number of siblings and birth order in 85 low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Measuring Zero-Dose Children: Reflections on Age Cohort Flexibilities for Targeted Immunization Surveys at the Local Level.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Estimating global and regional between-country inequality in routine childhood vaccine coverage in 195 countries and territories from 2019 to 2021: a longitudinal study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite advances in scaling up new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries, the global number of unvaccinated children has remained high over the past decade. We used 2000-2019 household survey data from 154 surveys representing 89 low- and middle-income countries to assess within-country, economic-related inequality in the prevalence of one-year-old children with zero doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Zero-dose DTP prevalence data were disaggregated by household wealth quintile. Difference, ratio, slope index of inequality, concentration index, and excess change measures were calculated to assess the latest situation and change over time, by country income grouping for 17 countries with high zero-dose DTP numbers and prevalence. Across 89 countries, the median prevalence of zero-dose DTP was 7.6%. Within-country inequalities mostly favored the richest quintile, with 19 of 89 countries reporting a rich-poor gap of ≥20.0 percentage points. Low-income countries had higher inequality than lower-middle-income countries and upper-middle-income countries (difference between the median prevalence in the poorest and richest quintiles: 14.4, 8.9, and 2.7 percentage points, respectively). Zero-dose DTP prevalence among the poorest households of low-income countries declined between 2000 and 2009 and between 2010 and 2019, yet economic-related inequality remained high in many countries. Widespread economic-related inequalities in zero-dose DTP prevalence are particularly pronounced in low-income countries and have remained high over the previous decade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.