ReviewBiomolecules2022
Metformin in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Its Clinical Implications.
Review in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of metformin-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Another pleiotropic effect of SGLT2 inhibitors: Is it a new frontier in thyroid function regulation?Thyroid research · 2026Review
- Metabolic crosstalk between differentiated thyroid cancer and cardiovascular disease: insulin resistance as a molecular bridge-a proposed mechanism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- New insights into the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy of thyroid cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanistic Aspects of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Their Association With Thyroid Cancer Risk.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Immunotyping of thyroid cancer for clinical outcomes and implications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of Thyroid Cancer Metabolism: from Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Exploring Connections Between Weight-Loss Medications and Thyroid Cancer: A Look at the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between High Cumulative Doses of Radioactive Iodine and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Complex Cardiovascular Challenge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- KM04416 suppressed lung adenocarcinoma progression by promoting immune infiltration.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Thyroid Cancer.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Correlation Between Glycemic Control and Serum Thyroglobulin Levels in a Patient With RAI-Refractory Thyroid Cancer.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
- A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Selenium and Selenoproteins at the Intersection of Type 2 Diabetes and Thyroid Pathophysiology.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin is a synthetic biguanide that improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis. Aside being the first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), many pleiotropic effects have been discovered in recent years, such as its capacity to reduce cancer risk and tumorigenesis. Although widely studied, the effect of metformin on thyroid cancer remains controversial. Potential mechanisms for its growth inhibitory effects have been elucidated in various preclinical studies that involved pathways related to adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Hyperinsulinemia increases cell glucose uptake and oxidative stress, and promotes thyroid cell growth, leading to hyperproliferation, carcinogenesis, and the development of malignant tumors. Furthermore, it has also been related to thyroid nodules size in nodular disease, as well as tumoral size in patients with thyroid cancer. Several clinical studies concluded that metformin might have an important role as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the growth of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. This suggests that metformin might be useful for patients with differentiated or poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance or diabetes.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.