ReviewBiomedicines2022
Small Dense LDL: Scientific Background, Clinical Relevance, and Recent Evidence Still a Risk Even with 'Normal' LDL-C Levels.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Triglyceride-glucose index's link to cardiovascular outcomes post-percutaneous coronary intervention in China: a meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- A novel fasting mimetic (Mimio) creates fasting-like benefits to hunger control, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic health in humans.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effect of Hormone Therapy on Lipoprotein Subfractions in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- A Comparison of Dry Bean and Pea Consumption on Serum Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Mild Hypercholesterolemia.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Consuming Mushrooms When Adopting a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Does Not Influence Short-Term Changes of Most Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Article
- High resolution lipoprotein subfraction profiling identifies obesity associated distributional changes in LDL and HDL subfractions and particle ratios.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing Dyslipidemia: Diversity of Lipid Imbalances and Their Clinical Implications; A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Role of combined serum homocysteine and small dense LDL-C in predicting cardiovascular events in obesity: a retrospective clinical study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Association of novel lipid markers with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk: A cross-sectional NHANES 1999 to 2018 study.Medicine · 2026Article
- The CARDIOLIPID Plan: A Cardiovascular Risk-centred Implementation Framework for the Diagnosis and Management of Dyslipidaemia: Experts' Proposal.European cardiology · 2026Review
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B ratio as a predictor of clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: a propensity score-matched analysis.Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics · 2026Article
- The triglyceride-glucose index can indicate lipid and atherogenic alterations in adolescents, regardless of excess weight.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2026Article
- Small dense LDL: An underestimated driver of atherosclerosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- HDL Function Versus Small Dense LDL: Cardiovascular Benefits and Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Level of medication non-adherence among ambulatory patients with dyslipidemia and comorbid illness in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2025Article
- LDL atherogenicity determined by size, density, oxidation, apolipoprotein(a), and electronegativity: an updated review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- A Pilot Study of the Total Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as a Prognostic Indicator of Hyperlipidemia-Related Diseases in Dogs and Cats.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Residual cardiovascular disease event risk, following statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, remains an important and common medical conundrum. Identifying patients with significant residual risk, despite statin drug use, is an unmet clinical need. One pathophysiologic disorder that contributes to residual risk is abnormal distribution in lipoprotein size and density, which is referred to as lipoprotein heterogeneity. Differences in low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition and size have been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and arteriographic disease progression. The clinical relevance has been investigated in numerous trials since the 1950s. Despite this long history, controversy remains regarding the clinical utility of LDL heterogeneity measurement. Recent clinical trial evidence reinforces the relevance of LDL heterogeneity measurement and the impact on CHD risk prediction and outcomes. The determination of LDL subclass distribution improves CHD risk prediction and guides appropriate treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.