ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Refractory and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis and Current Recommendations for Treatment.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal Bacteria and Proinflammatory Host Immune Mediators as Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Risk Among African Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of Dequalinium Chloride vs Metronidazole for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Selection and Characterization of Vaginal Lactobacilli from Healthy Algerian Women with Potential Probiotic Properties Against Urogenital Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antiviral Activity and Mucosal Safety of Novel Human-Milk-Inspired Antimicrobial Peptides.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Genome-scale metabolic modelling identifies vaginal microbiome members as potential probiotics.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- A Lactone-Enabled Approach to Metronidazole-Based Scaffolds.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2026Article
- Understanding The Role of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in Vaginal Dysbiosis: in Vitro Studies and Clinical Evidence.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Regulatory Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Predictive modeling for cervical cancer: existing AI approaches and the emerging role of vaginal microbiome.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Infections: A Comprehensive Review of Microbial and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Article
- Intravaginal boric acid treatment for recurrent bacterial vaginosis: short-term effects on vaginal health parameters and patient satisfaction.BMC women's health · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and Accuracy of Empiric Treatment Among Patients With Vaginitis Symptoms in the United States.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Glyco-engineered multifunctional hydrogel with bacterial fishing hooks for targeted bacterial eradication and enhanced wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Endolysin selectively kills Gardnerella ex vivo in vaginal samples from women with bacterial vaginosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Vaginal pharmacomicrobiomics modulates risk of persistent and recurrent bacterial vaginosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Repurposing antimalarials: pyrimethamine exhibits superior in vitro activity to metronidazole against Gardnerella while sparing Lactobacillus.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Engineered Tissue Models to Decode Host-Microbiota Interactions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Real-world clinical burden of patients presenting with vaginitis symptoms in the United States.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of a Neomycin-Polymyxin B-Nystatin Combination Compared to Metronidazole and Clindamycin Against the Main Bacteria Involved in Bacterial Vaginosis and Aerobic Vaginitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge, is characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus species dominance to a diverse array of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria which form a multi-species biofilm on vaginal epithelial cells. The rate of BV recurrence after therapy is high, often >60%. The BV biofilm itself likely contributes to recurrent and refractory disease after treatment by reducing antimicrobial penetration. However, antimicrobial resistance in BV-associated bacteria, including those both within the biofilm and the vaginal canal, may be the result of independent, unrelated bacterial properties. In the absence of new, more potent antimicrobial agents to eradicate drug-resistant pathogenic vaginal microbiota, treatment advances in refractory and recurrent BV have employed new strategies incorporating combination therapy. Such strategies include the use of combination antimicrobial regimens as well as alternative approaches such as probiotics and vaginal fluid transfer. Our current recommendations for the treatment of refractory and recurrent BV are provided.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.