ArticleJournal of molecular cell biology2022
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects primary human immune system cells in vitro and in COVID-19 patients.
Article in Journal of molecular cell biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Telmisartan reduces systemic inflammation and alters the renin-angiotensin system in mild COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
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- Experimental Analysis of HPV16 L1/L2 Chimeric VLP Internalization by Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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- B Cell Receptor's function in virus entry: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 B cell receptors can mediate viral entry in an ACE2-independent mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of immunosenescence and COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly: A narrative review.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Beyond macrophages: FIPV tropism includes T and B lymphocytes.Veterinary microbiology · 2026Article
- Ex vivo detection of SARS CoV 2 spike protein in human hair follicles and potential link to telogen effluvium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differential expression of viral entry protein neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2) in fatal COVID-19.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A survey of SARS-CoV-2 tropism.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Unraveling the cross-talk between a highly virulent PEDV strain and the host via single-cell transcriptomic analysis.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Droplet Digital PCR or Real-Time PCR as a Method for Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Plasma-Is There a Difference?Viruses · 2025Article
- Complex causal relationships between genetic predictions of 731 immune cell phenotypes and novel coronavirus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- Assessment on the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in pediatrics post-COVID-19: a retrospective study based on data from 2020 to 2023.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Vaccination and COVID-19: impact on long-COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Minimally invasive autopsy as a useful tool for RNA extraction in molecular pathology of lung diseases.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular and kidney diseases are positively associated with neuroinflammation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with severe COVID-19.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- The emerging role of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in epigenetic regulation of host gene expression.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Functions of SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Diabetes-Related Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
43 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a hyperinflammatory state and lymphocytopenia, a hallmark that appears as both signature and prognosis of disease severity outcome. Although cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, it is still unclear whether direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells could also play a role in this scenario by harboring viral replication. We found that monocytes, as well as both B and T lymphocytes, were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, accumulating double-stranded RNA consistent with viral RNA replication and ultimately leading to expressive T cell apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was frequently detected in monocytes and B lymphocytes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The rates of SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 patients increased over time from symptom onset, with SARS-CoV-2-positive monocytes, B cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes also detected in postmortem lung tissue. These results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of blood-circulating leukocytes in COVID-19 patients might have important implications for disease pathogenesis and progression, immune dysfunction, and virus spread within the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.