ArticleNucleic acids research2022
Active endogenous retroviral elements in human pluripotent stem cells play a role in regulating host gene expression.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- MER57E3 transposable elements regulate gene expression in a human cell model of neural development.Genome biology · 2026Article
- KIAA1522 isoform switching regulates LTR-RTs activity in distinct pluripotency states of hESCs.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- High-resolution single-cell RNA-seq data and heterogeneity analysis of human ESCs and ffEPSCs.Scientific data · 2025Article
- A noncoding variant confers pancreatic differentiation defect and contributes to diabetes susceptibility by recruiting RXRA.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Functional Bidirectionality of ERV-Derived Long Non-Coding RNAs in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Prostatic lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells through inducible expression of NKX3-1.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Repetitive Sequence Stability in Embryonic Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Identification and Characterization of HML-9 Group in Chimpanzee Genome.Viruses · 2024Article
- HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis.Retrovirology · 2024Article
- Sequence divergence and retrotransposon insertion underlie interspecific epigenetic differences in primates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses, also called LTR elements, can be bound by transcription factors and marked by different histone modifications in different biological contexts. Recently, individual LTR or certain subclasses of LTRs such as LTR7/HERVH and LTR5_Hs/HERVK families have been identified as cis-regulatory elements. However, there are still many LTR elements with unknown functions. Here, we dissected the landscape of histone modifications and regulatory map of LTRs by integrating 98 ChIP-seq data in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and annotated the active LTRs enriching enhancer/promoter-related histone marks. Notably, we found that MER57E3 functionally acted as proximal regulatory element to activate respective ZNF gene. Additionally, HERVK transcript could mainly function in nucleus to activate the adjacent genes. Since LTR5_Hs/LTR5 was bound by many early embryo-specific transcription factors, we further investigated the expression dynamics in different pluripotent states. LTR5_Hs/LTR5/HERVK exhibited higher expression level in naïve ESCs and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs). Functionally, the LTR5_Hs/LTR5 with high activity could serve as a distal enhancer to regulate the host genes. Ultimately, our study not only provides a comprehensive regulatory map of LTRs in human ESCs, but also explores the regulatory models of MER57E3 and LTR5_Hs/LTR5 in host genome.
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