ReviewImmunological reviews2022
Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking Implantation: The Role of Nitric Oxide, NOInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Global research trends and focus on immunotherapy for endometrial cancer: a comprehensive bibliometric insight and visualization analysis (2012-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The dual roles of uterine monocytes in regulation of tissue homeostasis throughout reproductive cycles in health and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immunology of pregnancy and sepsis: shared and specific pathways guiding future precision care.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Spatially resolved fetal and maternal cell contributions to severe preeclampsia across gestation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mincle Receptor Deficiency Protects Against LPS-induced Preterm Birth and Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- The genetic etiology of spontaneous abortion: insights from chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Compartment-specific soluble immune profiles associated with preterm birth, perinatal death, and low birthweight in pregnant individuals living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The maternal and infant gut microbiome: implications for pregnancy outcomes, immune development, and health in the first 1000 days.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metamorphosing macrophages promote placental fibrosis by upregulating the transcription factor STAT5A.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- A single biomarker may not yield a reliable binary clinical answer: B cell lymphoma 6 testing and resulting interventions for endometriosis in infertility care.F&S reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Influences Fetal Gut Immunity and Immune Programming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization reveals the associations between modifiable risk factors and intermediate phenotypes and spontaneous abortion.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Viral Vertical Transmission through the Placenta: The Potential of Natural Products as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antiviral Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Decoding m6A: a new frontier in maternal-foetal immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: efficacy of second-generation vaccines, maternal-neonatal safety, and strategies to address vaccine hesitancy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Multivariate model predicts immune imbalance in recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Pregnancy-associated metabolic adaptations in circulating monocytes and macrophages favor clearance functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS-CoV-2, and Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, the second trimester is marked by the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment that promotes fetal tolerance and growth while preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and other gestational complications. Finally, the period leading up to labor and parturition is characterized by the reinstatement of an inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves of carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed the "immune clock of pregnancy." Monocytes in maternal circulation and tissue-resident macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface play a critical role in this delicate balance. This review will summarize the current data describing the longitudinal changes in the phenotype and function of monocyte and macrophage populations in healthy and complicated pregnancies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.