ReviewInternational journal of ophthalmology2022
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated ophthalmic adverse events: current understanding of its mechanisms, diagnosis, and management.
Review in International journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and the risk and prognosis of uveitis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events in Cancer Immunotherapy: Tissue-Specific Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Consensus-Based Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of antinuclear antibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence and line immunoassay with clinical correlation in suspected autoimmune disease patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Overview of ocular toxicities associated with breast cancer therapies.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated thyroiditis: mechanisms and clinical outcomes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Ocular Toxicity: A Case of Pembrolizumab-Associated Corneal Ulceration and Evisceration.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Oncolytic Viruses and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma and Retinoblastoma: The Current Landscape and Novel Advances.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Survival: Results From a Real-World Database.American journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on vision and eye health.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Review
- Diagnosing and Managing Uveitis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HLA-DRB1*04:05 is involved in the development of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease-like immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prospective Clinical Trials to Advance the Study of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Ocular Toxicity Profile of Targeted Cancer Therapy (TCT) at a US Tertiary Cancer Center.Cureus · 2023Article
- Ophthalmic immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- PD-1 and PD-L1: architects of immune symphony and immunotherapy breakthroughs in cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Corneal Transplant Rejections in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Immune-related keratitis is a rare complication associated with nivolumab treatment in a patient with advanced colorectal cancer: A case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Sequential Multiple-Organ Immune-Related Adverse Events during and after Pembrolizumab Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report.Case reports in oncologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 receptor/ligand have revolutionized cancer treatment, achieving unprecedented efficacy in numerous malignancies. Despite the excellent therapeutic effects of ICIs, medications, such as pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, typically cause a broad spectrum of toxicity events termed as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Out of all irAEs, ophthalmic adverse events occur infrequently and are not comprehensively recognized. The current understanding of ophthalmic irAEs is mainly derived from case reports and case series. In this review, based on relevant articles in the literature and current evidence, we summarize the incidences, manifestations, diagnoses, underlying mechanisms, treatments, and outcomes of ophthalmic irAEs and discuss possible management strategies. A better understanding of these features is critical for managing patients with ICI-associated ophthalmic adverse events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.