Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35450035›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2022

Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Azathioprine: A New Hallmark for Personalized Drug-Targeted Therapy of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Slavica Lazarević, Maja Đanic, Hani Al-Salami, Armin Mooranian, Momir Mikov

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Deciphering the Implications ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024
    Review
  17. Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease.Precision clinical medicine · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Slavica LazarevićDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Maja ĐanicDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Hani Al-SalamiThe Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Armin MooranianThe Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Momir MikovDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
University of Novi Sad · RSCurtin University · AUQueen Elizabeth II Medical Centre · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the growing number of new drugs approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the long-term clinical use of thiopurine therapy and the well-known properties of conventional drugs including azathioprine have made their place in IBD therapy extremely valuable. Despite the fact that thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism has been recognized as a major cause of the interindividual variability in the azathioprine response, recent evidence suggests that there might be some yet unknown causes which complicate dosing strategies causing either failure of therapy or toxicity. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota, with its ability to release microbial enzymes, affects the pharmacokinetics of numerous drugs and subsequently drastically alters clinical effectiveness. Azathioprine, as an orally administered drug which has a complex metabolic pathway, is the prime illustrative candidate for such microbial metabolism of drugs. Comprehensive databases on microbial drug-metabolizing enzymes have not yet been generated. This study provides insights into the current evidence on microbiota-mediated metabolism of azathioprine and systematically accumulates findings of bacteria that possess enzymes required for the azathioprine biotransformation. Additionally, it proposes concepts for the identification of gut bacteria species responsible for the metabolism of azathioprine that could aid in the prediction of dose-response effects, complementing pharmacogenetic approaches already applied in the optimization of thiopurine therapy of IBD. It would be of great importance to elucidate to what extent microbiota-mediated metabolism of azathioprine contributes to the drug outcomes in IBD patients which could facilitate the clinical implementation of novel tools for personalized thiopurine treatment of IBD.

Indexed as

biotransformationdrug metabolismdrug responsefirst-pass metabolismgut microbiomemicrobial metabolismprecision medicinethiopurine therapy

Identifiers

PMID35450035
PMCPMC9016117
OpenAlexW4225604223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.