ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2022
Long COVID: The Nature of Thrombotic Sequelae Determines the Necessity of Early Anticoagulation.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associated thromboembolic events to the post COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The rationale for the treatment of long-Covid symptoms - A cardiologist's view.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Serum extracellular vesicle RNA profiles in long COVID: insights from exercise-induced gene modulation.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals as potential inhibitors of NETosis: implications for immunothrombosis and chronic disease management.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Lingering echoes of SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic insights and management of long COVID syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Serum NfL and GFAP in post-COVID syndrome: minimal evidence of CNS injury after adjusting for confounders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation are associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- An overview of clinical presentation and management of long COVID.The Nurse practitioner · 2025Review
- Chronic Dyspnea and Residual Pulmonary Vascular Sequelae After COVID-19 Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Analysis.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Insights into potential therapeutic approaches for long COVID.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Graft Vasculopathy and Postoperative Thromboembolism in CABG Patients: A Prospective Controlled Study.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Role of nutrient supplements in children with post-COVID condition: a retrospective preliminary observation and narrative review.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- The use of oral anticoagulation at the time of acute COVID-19 infection and subsequent development of long-COVID/post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Article
- A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Vascular Pathogenesis in Acute and Long COVID: Current Insights and Therapeutic Outlook.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2025Review
- Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Article
- All eyes on PCS: analysis of the retinal microvasculature in patients with post-COVID syndrome-study protocol of a 1 year prospective case-control study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many discharged COVID-19 patients affected by sequelae experience reduced quality of life leading to an increased burden on the healthcare system, their families and society at large. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID include: persistent viral replication, chronic hypoxia and inflammation. Ongoing vascular endothelial damage promotes platelet adhesion and coagulation, resulting in the impairment of various organ functions. Meanwhile, thrombosis will further aggravate vasculitis contributing to further deterioration. Thus, long COVID is essentially a thrombotic sequela. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for long COVID. This article summarizes the evidence for coagulation abnormalities in long COVID, with a focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various types of cells can carry SARS-CoV-2 through the circulation and attack distant tissues and organs. Furthermore, EVs express tissue factor and phosphatidylserine (PS) which aggravate thrombosis. Given the persistence of the virus, chronic inflammation and endothelial damage are inevitable. Pulmonary structural changes such as hypertension, embolism and fibrosis are common in long COVID. The resulting impaired lung function and chronic hypoxia again aggravates vascular inflammation and coagulation abnormalities. In this article, we also summarize recent research on antithrombotic therapy in COVID-19. There is increasing evidence that early anticoagulation can be effective in improving outcomes. In fact, persistent systemic vascular inflammation and dysfunction caused by thrombosis are key factors driving various complications of long COVID. Early prophylactic anticoagulation can prevent the release of or remove procoagulant substances, thereby protecting the vascular endothelium from damage, reducing thrombotic sequelae, and improving quality of life for long-COVID patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.