Observational studyGenome medicine2022
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination is dependent on vaccine type and previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a longitudinal study.
Observational study in Genome medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04751734 (Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination on Breast Milk Antibodies, Milk Bioactive Compounds and Maternal-child Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination on Breast Milk Antibodies, Milk Bioactive Compounds and Maternal-child Health
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating individuals and their infants.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination on Lactating Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating women: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy and lactation induce distinct immune responses to COVID-19 booster vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Review
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid profile in coronavirus disease 2019, a prospective case series study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Immune responses in COVID-19 patients: Insights into cytokine storms and adaptive immunity kinetics.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Factors Influencing Breast Milk Antibody Titers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Challenges of breastfeeding during COVID-19 and baby friendly protocols adopted at a maternity health center in the northern Emirates of UAE: a comprehensive review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Review
- A narrative review of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and breastfeeding.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Article
- Milk antibody response after 3iScience · 2023Article
- Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2.Future virology · 2023Review
- 2021/22 and 2022/23 Post-Pandemic Bronchiolitis Seasons in Two Major Italian Cities: A Prospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in breastmilk from convalescent and vaccinated mothers.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines During Lactation.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast milk is a vehicle to transfer protective antibodies from the lactating mother to the neonate. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific IgA and IgG have been identified in breast milk, however, there are limited data on the impact of different COVID-19 vaccine types in lactating women. This study is aimed to evaluate the time course of induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk after vaccination.
methodsIn this prospective observational study in Spain, 86 lactating women from priority groups receiving the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Breast milk samples were collected longitudinally at seven or eight-time points (depending on vaccine type). A group with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=19) and a group of women from pre-pandemic time (n=20) were included for comparison.
resultsEighty-six vaccinated lactating women [mean age, 34.6 ± 3.7 years] of whom 96% were Caucasian and 92% were healthcare workers. A total number of 582 milk samples were included, and vaccine distribution was BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2, n=34), Moderna (mRNA-1273, n=20), and AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, n=32). For each vaccine, 7 and 8 longitudinal time points were collected from baseline up to 30 days after the second dose for mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, respectively. A strong reactivity was observed for IgG and IgA after vaccination mainly after the 2
conclusionsCOVID-19 vaccination induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in breast milk with higher levels after the 2
trial registrationNCT04751734 (date of registration is on February 12, 2021).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.