Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35448970›Full record

Trial reportBMC ophthalmology2022

Virtual reality-based vision therapy versus OBVAT in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, accommodative dysfunction: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Shijin Li, Angcang Tang, Bi Yang, Jianglan Wang, Longqian Liu

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Binocular Vision Anomalies: An Update on Prevalence, Impact, Technological and Treatment Developments and Current Challenges.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Shijin Li *Department of Optometry, West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Angcang Tang *Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Bi YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Jianglan WangDepartment of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Longqian LiuDepartment of Optometry, West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. b.q15651@hotmail.com.
Sichuan University · CNWest China Hospital of Sichuan University · CNWest China Medical Center of Sichuan University · CN

Funding

The National Nature Science Foundation of China 82070996
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirtual reality is being increasingly applied in vision therapy. However, the differences in effectiveness, optimal treatment cycle, and prognosis between virtual reality-based vision therapy and traditional therapies remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality-based vision therapy and office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in young adults with convergence insufficiency or accommodative dysfunction.

methodsThe patients were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality-based vision therapy group or the office-based vergence/accommodative therapy group. The vision therapy lasted 12 weeks (1 h/week) in both groups. Binocular visual functions (vergence and accommodation) were measured and a subjective questionnaire-based assessment was performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of therapy.

resultsIn total, 33 patients with convergence insufficiency and 30 with accommodative dysfunction completed the study. After 12 weeks of treatment for convergence insufficiency, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score (F

conclusionVirtual reality-based vision therapy significantly improved binocular vision functions and symptoms in patients with convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction, thereby suggesting its effectiveness as a new optional or additional treatment for young adults with these conditions.

trial registrationThis study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on 16/04/2019 (identifier: ChiCTR1900022556 ).

Indexed as

Ocular Motility DisordersVirtual RealityAccommodation, OcularConvergence, OcularHumansOrthopticsPilot ProjectsVision, BinocularYoung AdultAccommodative dysfunctionBinocular visionConvergence insufficiencyVirtual realityVision therapy

Identifiers

PMID35448970
PMCPMC9027290
OpenAlexW4224285841

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.