ReviewToxins2022
Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Glabellar Frown Lines.
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of lateral retinacular release versus no release in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Botulinum Toxin A in Facial Rejuvenation Treatment.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Methodology for preventing Botulinum toxin-A eyelid ptosis: Risk index derivation, safety rules, and evidence-graded management algorithm.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- Skin Temperature as a Marker of Vasomotor Response and Restoration of Blood Flow After Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin Therapy in the Forehead.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Neuromuscular Junction Distribution in the Upper Face: An Anatomy-to-Practice Review to Inform Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment Planning.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Full-face aesthetic treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A: Results from a retrospective real world analysis.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Main facial anatomical concerns of dentists to perform botox injections.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- The Overlooked Sad Face Expression: Understanding the Omega Sign in Botulinum Toxin Treatment.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Resolving the Controversy Surrounding the Function of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment for hemifacial spasm: harmonising neurological and aesthetic outcomes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Why do vertical glabellar lines form? A guideline on botulinum neurotoxin injection.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
- Simulating Upper Eyelid Ptosis During Neuromodulator Injections-An Exploratory Injection and Dissection Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
- Anatomical perspectives of brow-lifting using threads: Clinical cases with techniques.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
- The muscular-deep fascial system: new findings on the anatomy of the structure attached to the superior orbital margin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Extraction and injection of botulinum toxin with less wastage.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Assessment of supine positioning and smiling dynamics before dermal filler injections.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating plunged nose and post-rhinoplasty: anatomical perspectives of depressor septi nasi, nasalis, leveator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Integrative Assessment for Optimizing Aesthetic Outcomes When Treating Glabellar Lines With Botulinum Toxin Type A: An Appreciation of the Role of the Frontalis.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating glabellar frown lines is a commonly used method; however, side effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrow, have been reported due to a lack of comprehensive anatomical knowledge. The anatomical factors important for the injection of the botulinum neurotoxin into the corrugator supercilii muscle has been reviewed in this study. Current understanding on the localization of the botulinum neurotoxin injection point from newer anatomy examination was evaluated. We observed that for the glabellar-frown-line-related muscles, the injection point could be more accurately demarcated. We propose the injection method and the best possible injection sites for the corrugator supercilii muscle. We propose the optimal injection sites using external anatomical landmarks for the frequently injected muscles of the face to accelerate effective glabellar frown line removal. Moreover, these instructions would support a more accurate procedure without adverse events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.