ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Double-Network Tough Hydrogels: A Brief Review on Achievements and Challenges.
Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Delivery and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Data-Driven Development of Biomedical Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery: Clinical Applications and Emerging Machine-Learning Approaches.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Printable Piezoresistive Hybrid Hydrogels Based on 2D MoSAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Action Mechanism, Research Progress and Development Trend of High-Temperature Steam Flooding and Profile Control/Flooding Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Bioactive Scaffold Facilitating BMSCs-Driven Osteogenesis and Vascularization in Critical-Sized Bone Defect Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Role of 3D Printing in Regenerative Medicine: A Game-Changer in Tissue Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Probing the microscopic origin of toughness in multiple polymer networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Hydrogels and Organogels for Local Anesthetic Delivery: Advances, Challenges, and Translational Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Structural Features and Mechanical Properties of Hydrogels Based on PVP Copolymers, Obtained in the Presence of a Solvent.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Toward Sustainable Green and Intelligent Profile Control Gels: An ETI-CFI-Based Structure-Environment Evaluation Framework.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal toughness modulation in hydrogels through on-demand cross-linking.Science advances · 2025Article
- Hydrogel Network Architecture Design Space: Impact on Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Programming Mechanical Properties through Encoded Network Topologies.Journal of polymer science (2020) · 2024Article
- Responsive Acrylamide-Based Hydrogels: Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Structures.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bottlebrush Networks: A Primer for Advanced Architectures.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Review
- Dynamic hydrogel-metal-organic framework system promotes bone regeneration in periodontitis through controlled drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Injectable Hydrogels for Nervous Tissue Repair-A Brief Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Role of Polymer Concentration on the Release Rates of Proteins from Single- and Double-Network Hydrogels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bio-Resorption Control of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Coated with High and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Hydrogels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- From Free Tissue Transfer to Hydrogels: A Brief Review of the Application of the Periosteum in Bone Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This brief review attempts to summarize research advances in the mechanical toughness and structures of double-network (DN) hydrogels. The focus is to provide a critical and concise discussion on the toughening mechanisms, damage recoverability, stress relaxation, and biomedical applications of tough DN hydrogel systems. Both conventional DN hydrogel with two covalently cross-linked networks and novel DN systems consisting of physical and reversible cross-links are discussed and compared. Covalently cross-linked hydrogels are tough but damage-irreversible. Physically cross-linked hydrogels are damage-recoverable but exhibit mechanical instability, as reflected by stress relaxation tests. This remains one significant challenge to be addressed by future research studies to realize the load-sustaining applications proposed for tough hydrogels. With their special structure and superior mechanical properties, DN hydrogels have great potential for biomedical applications, and many DN systems are now fabricated with 3D printing techniques.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.