ArticleBrain sciences2022
Altered Cytokine and BDNF Levels in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Article in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroinflammatory Response to Postnatal Administration of Valproic Acid in Wistar Rats as a Mechanism for the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Neutrophils.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Selected Proteins Involved in the Neuropathology of ASD as the Candidates for Fluid Biomarkers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Concurrent Assessment of Neurotrophic Factors and HPA-Axis Hormones in Early Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Common molecular signatures: the role of BDNF, melatonin, and orexin in the ASD-schizophrenia continuum.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Investigating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) changes in three main rodent models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a systematic review.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Low-dose combination of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and docosahexaenoic acid on neurosteroid and neuroinflammatory dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Immune-related mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in the intestinal microenvironment as a potential intervention for autism spectrum disorder patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?Inflammation · 2025Review
- The Ambiguous Role of Growth Factors in Autism: What Do We Really Know?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding the genetic landscape of autism: A comprehensive review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microglia on Neurodevelopment and Brain Function in Autism.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Atypical Associations between Functional Connectivity during Pragmatic and Semantic Language Processing and Cognitive Abilities in Children with Autism.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Association of early childhood constipation with the risk of autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan: Real-world evidence from a nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that immunological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The present study examined whether immunological abnormalities are associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with ASD and whether children with ASD show different immunological biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF levels than typically developing (TD) children. Sixteen children with TD and 18 children with ASD, aged 6-18 years, voluntarily participated in the study. Participants' executive functions were measured using neuropsychological tests, and behavioral measures were measured using parent ratings. Immunological measures were assessed by measuring the participants' blood serum levels of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Children with ASD showed greater deficits in cognitive functions as well as altered levels of immunological measures when compared to TD children, and their cognitive functions and behavioral deficits were significantly associated with increased CCL5 levels and decreased BDNF levels. These results provide evidence to support the notion that altered immune functions and neurotrophin deficiency are involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.