ArticleBrain sciences2022
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Confirmed Olfactory Bulb Reduction in Long COVID-19: Literature Review and Case Series.
Article in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Altered voxel-wise degree centrality of brain networks in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Subjective distress mediates the association between olfactory dysfunction duration and depression in post COVID 19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurological Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Changing Variants: A 4-Year DW-MRI Study on Olfactory and Taste-Related Brain Regions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Neuroimaging evaluations of olfactory, gustatory, and neurological deficits in patients with long-term sequelae of COVID-19.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Mild Cognitive Impairment through Perientorhinal/Hippocampal Imaging and Comprehensive Neuropsychological and Psychophysical Assessment.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Reduced olfactory bulb volume accompanies olfactory dysfunction after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Persistent Neurological Deficits in Mouse PASC Reveal Antiviral Drug Limitations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Deficiency: Unraveling Associations with Neurocognitive Disorders and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Integrating the patient's voice into the research agenda for treatment of chemosensory disorders.Chemical senses · 2024Article
- The immunology of long COVID.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- The Olfactory Bulb in Companion Animals-Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Importance.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Exploratory Study on Chemosensory Event-Related Potentials in Long COVID-19 and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Common Pathway?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- MRI evidence of olfactory system alterations in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms.Journal of neurology · 2023Observational
- Association between olfactory dysfunction and mood disturbances with objective and subjective cognitive deficits in long-COVID.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction: a looming wave of dementia?Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with long-term deficits in the consolidation of procedural and verbal declarative memories.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- A singular case of hyposmia and transient audiovestibular post-vaccine disorders: case report and literature review.Translational neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An altered sense of smell and taste was recognized as one of the most characteristic symptoms of coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19). Despite most patients experiencing a complete functional resolution, there is a 21.3% prevalence of persistent alteration at 12 months after infection. To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in these patients have been variable and not clearly defined. We aimed to clarify radiological alterations of olfactory pathways in patients with long COVID-19 characterized by olfactory dysfunction. A comprehensive review of the English literature was performed by analyzing relevant papers about this topic. A case series was presented: all patients underwent complete otorhinolaryngology evaluation including the Sniffin' Sticks battery test. A previous diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by positive swabs. The MRIs were acquired using a 3.0T MR scanner with a standardized protocol for olfactory tract analysis. Images were first analysed by a dedicated neuroradiologist and subsequently reviewed and compared with the previous available MRIs. The review of the literature retrieved 25 studies; most cases of olfactory dysfunction more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection showed olfactory bulb (OB) reduction. Patients in the personal case series had asymmetry and a reduction in the volume of the OB. This evidence was strengthened by the comparison with a previous MRI, where the OBs were normal. The results preliminarily confirmed OB reduction in cases of long COVID-19 with an altered sense of smell. Further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology, pathophysiology and prognosis.
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