ArticleEnvironment international2022
Association between serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations and common cold among children and adolescents in the United States.
Article in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and levels of lipid profile based on human studies.Reviews on environmental health · 2025Pooled it
- Asthma and decreased lung function in children exposed to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): An updated meta-analysis unveiling research gaps.Environmental research · 2024Pooled it
- Childhood PFAS exposure and immunotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Association between PFAS and renal function indicators in cord blood of newborns: modifying effects of newborn sex and maternal factors.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Pediatric effects of forever chemicals may last for a long time.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Models and challenges for studying forever chemicals and their impact on human health.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Detecting univariate, bivariate, and overall effects of drug mixtures using Bayesian kernel machine regression.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Effects of Perfluorohexane Sulfonate Exposure on Immune Cell Populations in Naive Mice.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Associations between smoking, sex steroid hormones, trouble sleeping, and depression among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES (2013-2016).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Interaction between the oxidative balance score and serum per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on liver health: analysis of the NHANES 2007-2018 dataset.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Red Blood Cell Folate Modifies the Association between Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Antibody Concentrations in U.S. Adolescents.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exert immunosuppressive effects in experimental animals. Few epidemiologic studies investigated PFAS exposure and immune-related clinical outcomes such as common cold, especially during childhood when the immune system is developing.
methodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 517 children 3-11 years (2013-2014 cycle) and 2732 adolescents 12-19 years (2003-2016 cycles). Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were quantified. Common cold was self-reported by the participant or parent as having a head cold or chest cold in the last month. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) between individual PFAS concentrations and common cold incidence in the past month. The joint effect of PFAS mixtures was evaluated using Probit Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR).
resultsA doubling of serum PFHxS concentration was associated with a 31% higher odds (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.62) of common cold among children. Serum PFNA (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.98) and PFOA (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.67, 2.62) concentrations were also related to common cold among children, as were serum PFOS concentrations among adolescents (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.32). ORs were higher in male than female children and adolescents. BKMR showed a clear increasing trend of common cold estimates across quantiles of the total PFAS mixture concentration among children, while no obvious pattern emerged in adolescents. DISCUSSION: Among children in the United States, serum concentrations of PFAS mixtures, especially PFHxS and PFNA, were associated with higher odds of common cold. Among adolescents, PFOS was associated with increased common cold in the last month. This study contributes to the existing evidence supporting the immunotoxicity of PFAS in childhood and adolescence.
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