ReviewInfectious diseases and therapy2022
Interferon Treatments for SARS-CoV-2: Challenges and Opportunities.
Review in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04727424 (A Multicenter, Prospective, Adaptive, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fluvoxamine Plus Budesonide, Fluoxetine Plus Budesonide and Spirulin Platensis, in High Risk Patients With Mild COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Adaptive, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fluvoxamine Plus Budesonide, Fluoxetine Plus Budesonide and Spirulin Platensis, in High Risk Patients With Mild COVID-19
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, Tolerability, Bioavailability, and Biological Activity of Inhaled Interferon-α2b in Healthy Adults: The INClinical drug investigation · 2023Trial
- Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir-Induced Pancreatitis: A Concern in the COVID Era.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Validation of Recombinant Type I Interferon Antiviral Activity Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro and In Vivo.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon-α2b injection in children hospitalized with human adenovirus pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in China.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 innate immune recognition and implications for respiratory health.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic analysis of differential expression between surviving and nonsurviving patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The influence of genetic polymorphisms on cytokine profiles in pediatric COVID-19: a pilot study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19.Virulence · 2024Review
- Multiple Mechanisms of Action of SulfodyneAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- STING agonists as promising vaccine adjuvants to boost immunogenicity against SARS-related coronavirus derived infection: possible role of autophagy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Sustained IFN signaling is associated with delayed development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Polysaccharide "Immeran" Activity inViruses · 2024Article
- Development trends of human organoid-based COVID-19 research based on bibliometric analysis.Cell proliferation · 2023Review
- Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein restricts SARS-CoV-2 by regulating interferon and disrupting RNA-protein condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Oxidative Biomarkers Associated with the Pulmonary Manifestation of Post-COVID-19 Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The multiple roles of nsp6 in the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.Antiviral research · 2023Review
- Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Review
- Long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and T cell response after the third dose of mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Interferons in COVID-19: missed opportunities to prove efficacy in clinical phase III trials?Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) therapies are used to treat a variety of infections and diseases and could be used to treat SARS-CoV-2. However, optimal use and timing of IFN therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2 is not well documented. We aimed to synthesize available evidence to understand whether interferon therapy should be recommended for treatment compared to a placebo or standard of care in adult patients. We reviewed literature comparing outcomes of randomized control trials that used IFN therapy for adults diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between 2019 and 2021. Data were extracted from 11 of 669 screened studies. Evidence of IFN effectiveness was mixed. Five studies reported that IFN was a better therapy than the control, four found no or minimal difference between IFN and the control, and two concluded that IFN led to worse patient outcomes than the control. Evidence was difficult to compare because of high variability in outcome measures, intervention types and administration, subtypes of IFNs used and timing of interventions. We recommend standardized indicators and reporting for IFN therapy for SARS-CoV-2 to improve evidence synthesis and generation. While IFN therapy has the potential to be a viable treatment for SARS-CoV-2, especially when combined with antivirals and early administration, the lack of comparable of study outcomes prevents evidence synthesis and uptake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.