Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35445241›Full record

ArticleSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2022

Unsupervised classification reveals consistency and degeneracy in neural network patterns of emotion.

Cameron M Doyle, Stephanie T Lane, Jeffrey A Brooks, Robin W Wilkins, Kathleen M Gates, Kristen A Lindquist

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Putting Emotional Memories in Context: The Constructionist Model of Emotional Memory.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The Theory of Constructed Emotion: More Than a Feeling.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Neural Predictors of Fear Depend on the Situation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cameron M DoyleDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Stephanie T LaneDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Jeffrey A BrooksDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 84720, USA.
Robin W WilkinsGateway University of North Carolina Greensboro MRI Center, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
Kathleen M GatesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Kristen A LindquistDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5368-9302

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the present study, we used an unsupervised classification algorithm to reveal both consistency and degeneracy in neural network connectivity during anger and anxiety. Degeneracy refers to the ability of different biological pathways to produce the same outcomes. Previous research is suggestive of degeneracy in emotion, but little research has explicitly examined whether degenerate functional connectivity patterns exist for emotion categories such as anger and anxiety. Twenty-four subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to unpleasant music and self-generating experiences of anger and anxiety. A data-driven model building algorithm with unsupervised classification (subgrouping Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation) identified patterns of connectivity among 11 intrinsic networks that were associated with anger vs anxiety. As predicted, degenerate functional connectivity patterns existed within these overarching consistent patterns. Degenerate patterns were not attributable to differences in emotional experience or other individual-level factors. These findings are consistent with the constructionist account that emotions emerge from flexible functional neuronal assemblies and that emotion categories such as anger and anxiety each describe populations of highly variable instances.

Indexed as

BrainEmotionsAngerHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeural Networks, ComputerNeural Pathwaysconstructionismdegeneracyemotionintrinsic networks

Identifiers

PMID35445241
PMCPMC9629478

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.