ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2022
Causal mapping of human brain function.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Potential Targets for Scalp Acupuncture and Brain Stimulation in Mental Disorders: Evidence From Large-Scale Meta-Analyses.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Heterogeneous Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Converge on a Common Network Associated With Symptom Remission.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- A transdiagnostic network for psychiatric illness derived from atrophy and lesions.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting cortico-striatal-amygdalar networks via theta-band frontoparietal synchronization in opioid use disorder: a randomized tACS-fMRI Trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Circuit-targeted modulation of anxiety symptoms in individuals with major depression: A randomized head-to-head TMS trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Enhancement of the left frontoparietal network through real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity-informed neurofeedback and its impact on working memory in schizophrenia: A pilot study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Trial
- Linking Invasive and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Trial.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Trial
- Individualized precision targeting of dorsal attention and default mode networks with rTMS in traumatic brain injury-associated depression.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Spatial pattern-driven interpretable model and biological correlates in brain glioblastoma-lymphoma differentiation.iScience · 2026Article
- Convergence of TMS Sites and Lesion Locations Associated With Nicotine Addiction Improvement on a Common Brain Circuit.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation and lesions hierarchically reorganize brain network dynamics with biological annotations.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- State-Dependent Modulation of a Theta-Responsive Subnetwork by High-Frequency Stimulation of the Ventral Striatum.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Neuromodulation for Anxiety: Circuit-Based and Personalized Approaches.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Remote network for cognitive symptoms derived from tau accumulation in progressive supranuclear palsy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Discovery of Small Molecule Ligands Targeting Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Closed-loop readout of anterior insula high-gamma activity steers value-based decisions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A lesion-derived brain network of somatic symptoms for transdiagnostic individual application.BMC medicine · 2026Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mapping human brain function is a long-standing goal of neuroscience that promises to inform the development of new treatments for brain disorders. Early maps of human brain function were based on locations of brain damage or brain stimulation that caused a functional change. Over time, this approach was largely replaced by technologies such as functional neuroimaging, which identify brain regions in which activity is correlated with behaviours or symptoms. Despite their advantages, these technologies reveal correlations, not causation. This creates challenges for interpreting the data generated from these tools and using them to develop treatments for brain disorders. A return to causal mapping of human brain function based on brain lesions and brain stimulation is underway. New approaches can combine these causal sources of information with modern neuroimaging and electrophysiology techniques to gain new insights into the functions of specific brain areas. In this Review, we provide a definition of causality for translational research, propose a continuum along which to assess the relative strength of causal information from human brain mapping studies and discuss recent advances in causal brain mapping and their relevance for developing treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.