Trial reportClinical medicine (London, England)2022
Implementation of virtual reality technology to decrease patients' pain and nervousness during colonoscopies: a prospective randomised controlled single-blinded trial.
Trial report in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality and Endoscopic Mucosal and Submucosal Dissection: a Patient Centred Experience "VREMRESD"
Virtual Reality for Patients During Arteriovenous Fistula Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Non-pharmacological Interventions for Reducing Anxiety in Endoscopy and Colonoscopy Procedures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Is Safe and Can Reduce In-Hospital Anxiety and Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequence Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief in medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety during colonoscopy: A randomized control trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Trial
- Effects of white and pink noise administered before and during colonoscopy on pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Clinical value of rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy: a retrospective analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- A feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality as a pain relief measure post primary and revision total knee replacement surgery in a hospital setting: quasi-experimental study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality During Outpatient Sedation-Free Colonoscopy: A Randomized Prospective Controlled Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The effect of music and distraction on pain and anxiety during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Impact of virtual reality distraction during colonoscopy vs intravenous deep sedation: Results of a single-center randomized controlled trial.Endoscopy international open · 2025Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological, Non-Pharmacological, and Combined Strategies for Pain Relief During Colonoscopy: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Multicenter, randomized, controlled comparative-effectiveness study comparing virtual reality to sedation and standard local anesthetic for pain and anxiety during epidural steroid injections.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImproved patient satisfaction in endoscopy is worthy of study as it is an invasive and potentially uncomfortable procedure. There is growing literature on patient satisfaction assessment in endoscopy as part of improving quality assurance. This study aimed to determine whether virtual reality (VR) technology can decrease patients' pain and nervousness during colonoscopies.
methodsPatients enrolled without sedation were randomly categorised into groups that watched VR (VR group; n=58) and those that did not watch VR (control group; n=59). The primary outcomes were pain score and skin conductance. Secondary endpoints included heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, overall patient satisfaction, willingness to repeat the procedure, the difficulty of the procedure, the procedure duration, and bowel preparation.
resultsThe median (interquartile range (IQR)) pain scores were 7 (6-8) and 5 (4-6) in the control and VR groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median (IQR) skin conductance values after colonoscope insertion were 0.660 (0.490-0.840) and 0.390 (0.280-0.600) in the control and VR groups, respectively (p<0.001). Overall, patient satisfaction was significantly improved with the use of VR, along with a significant reduction in the difficulty perceived by the endoscopist.
conclusionVR technology helped to reduce patients' pain and nervousness and to improve patients' satisfaction during colonoscopies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.