ArticleMobile DNA2022
Subfamily-specific differential contribution of individual monomers and the tether sequence to mouse L1 promoter activity.
Article in Mobile DNA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Probing genomic language models: Nucleotide Generative Pretrained Transformer and the role of pretraining in learned representations.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- YY1 is a transcriptional activator of the mouse LINE-1 Tf subfamily.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- LINE-1 retrotransposons contribute to mouse PV interneuron development.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Technology to the rescue: how to uncover the role of transposable elements in preimplantation development.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
- YY1 is a transcriptional activator of mouse LINE-1 Tf subfamily.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Locus-resolution analysis of L1 regulation and retrotransposition potential in mouse embryonic development.Genome research · 2023Article
- Jack of all trades versus master of one: how generalist versus specialist strategies of transposable elements relate to their horizontal transfer between lineages.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2023Review
- Resolution of structural variation in diverse mouse genomes reveals chromatin remodeling due to transposable elements.Cell genomics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe internal promoter in L1 5'UTR is critical for autonomous L1 transcription and initiating retrotransposition. Unlike the human genome, which features one contemporarily active subfamily, four subfamilies (A_I, Gf_I and Tf_I/II) have been amplifying in the mouse genome in the last one million years. Moreover, mouse L1 5'UTRs are organized into tandem repeats called monomers, which are separated from ORF1 by a tether domain. In this study, we aim to compare promoter activities across young mouse L1 subfamilies and investigate the contribution of individual monomers and the tether sequence.
resultsWe observed an inverse relationship between subfamily age and the average number of monomers among evolutionarily young mouse L1 subfamilies. The youngest subgroup (A_I and Tf_I/II) on average carry 3-4 monomers in the 5'UTR. Using a single-vector dual-luciferase reporter assay, we compared promoter activities across six L1 subfamilies (A_I/II, Gf_I and Tf_I/II/III) and established their antisense promoter activities in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line and a mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line. Using consensus promoter sequences for three subfamilies (A_I, Gf_I and Tf_I), we dissected the differential roles of individual monomers and the tether domain in L1 promoter activity. We validated that, across multiple subfamilies, the second monomer consistently enhances the overall promoter activity. For individual promoter components, monomer 2 is consistently more active than the corresponding monomer 1 and/or the tether for each subfamily. Importantly, we revealed intricate interactions between monomer 2, monomer 1 and tether domains in a subfamily-specific manner. Furthermore, using three-monomer 5'UTRs, we established a complex nonlinear relationship between the length of the outmost monomer and the overall promoter activity.
conclusionsThe laboratory mouse is an important mammalian model system for human diseases as well as L1 biology. Our study extends previous findings and represents an important step toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling mouse L1 transcription as well as L1's impact on development and disease.
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