ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology2022
Quantifying the Photochemical Damage Potential of Contrast-Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging Products: Singlet Oxygen Production.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reflect: reporting guidelines for preclinical, translational and clinical fluorescence molecular imaging studies.Npj imaging · 2025Article
- Light-activatable minimally invasive ethyl cellulose ethanol ablation: Biodistribution and potential applications.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- First-in-man study of the PSMA Minibody IR800-IAB2M for molecularly targeted intraoperative fluorescence guidance during radical prostatectomy.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The benefits of contrast-enhancing imaging probes have become apparent over the past decade. However, there is a gap in the literature when it comes to the assessment of the phototoxic potential of imaging probes and systems emitting visible and/or near-infrared radiation. The primary mechanism of fluorescent agent phototoxicity is thought to involve the production of reactive molecular species (RMS), yet little has been published on the best practices for safety evaluation of RMS production levels for clinical products. We have proposed methods involving a cell-free assay to quantify singlet oxygen [(SO) a known RMS] generation of imaging probes, and performed testing of Indocyanine Green (ICG), Proflavine, Methylene Blue, IR700 and IR800 at clinically relevant concentrations and radiant exposures. Results indicated that SO production from IR800 and ICG were more than two orders of magnitude below that of the known SO generator Rose Bengal. Methylene Blue and IR700 produced much higher SO levels than ICG and IR800. These results were in good agreement with data from the literature. While agents that exhibit spectral overlap with the assay may be more prone to errors, our tests for one of these agents (Proflavine) appeared robust. Overall, our results indicate that this methodology shows promise for assessing the phototoxic potential of fluorophores due to SO production.
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Registered trials
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