ArticleeLife2022
Neocortical pyramidal neurons with axons emerging from dendrites are frequent in non-primates, but rare in monkey and human.
Article in eLife, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neocortical pyramidal cells with axon-carrying basal dendrites: a prominent feature regulated by activity.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological classification of human layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons reveals subtype-specific synaptic interactions.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Perinatal mAChR-mediated activation of cortical subplate neurons elicits network activity driving basket cell differentiation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Diversity of axon initial segment geometry in the mouse hippocampus and its predicted influence on neuronal excitability.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Activation of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors promotes development of axons and axon-carrying dendrites of cortical interneurons.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial dynamics reveal potential to facilitate axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Axon initial segment structure and function in health and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Expression of synaptic proteins and development of dendritic spines in fetal and postnatal neocortex of the pig, the European wild boar Sus scrofa.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Vascular Development of Fetal and Postnatal Neocortex of the Pig, the European Wild Boar Sus scrofa.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2024Article
- Key morphological features of human pyramidal neurons.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Increased Interhemispheric Connectivity of a Distinct Type of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Axons of cortical basket cells originating from dendrites develop higher local complexity than axons emerging from basket cell somata.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Microfluidic Platforms Promote Polarization of Human-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells That Model Axonopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Article
- Function follows form: how the structure of neurons determines cortical network activity : Comment on: Hodapp A, Kaiser ME, Thome C, Ding L, Rozov A, Klumpp M, Stevens N, Stingl M, Sackmann T, Lehmann N, Draguhn A, Burgalossi A, Engelhardt M, Both M (2022) Dendritic axon origin enables information gating by perisomatic inhibition in pyramidal neurons. Science 377:1448-1452.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Morphological Features of Human Dendritic Spines.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Looking for the origins of axons.eLife · 2022Article
- Chemogenetic Silencing of Differentiating Cortical Neurons Impairs Dendritic and Axonal Growth.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The canonical view of neuronal function is that inputs are received by dendrites and somata, become integrated in the somatodendritic compartment and upon reaching a sufficient threshold, generate axonal output with axons emerging from the cell body. The latter is not necessarily the case. Instead, axons may originate from dendrites. The terms 'axon carrying dendrite' (AcD) and 'AcD neurons' have been coined to describe this feature. In rodent hippocampus, AcD cells are shown to be functionally 'privileged', since inputs here can circumvent somatic integration and lead to immediate action potential initiation in the axon. Here, we report on the diversity of axon origins in neocortical pyramidal cells of rodent, ungulate, carnivore, and primate. Detection methods were Thy-1-EGFP labeling in mouse, retrograde biocytin tracing in rat, cat, ferret, and macaque, SMI-32/βIV-spectrin immunofluorescence in pig, cat, and macaque, and Golgi staining in macaque and human. We found that in non-primate mammals, 10-21% of pyramidal cells of layers II-VI had an AcD. In marked contrast, in macaque and human, this proportion was lower and was particularly low for supragranular neurons. A comparison of six cortical areas (being sensory, association, and limbic in nature) in three macaques yielded percentages of AcD cells which varied by a factor of 2 between the areas and between the individuals. Unexpectedly, pyramidal cells in the white matter of postnatal cat and aged human cortex exhibit AcDs to much higher percentages. In addition, interneurons assessed in developing cat and adult human cortex had AcDs at type-specific proportions and for some types at much higher percentages than pyramidal cells. Our findings expand the current knowledge regarding the distribution and proportion of AcD cells in neocortex of non-primate taxa, which strikingly differ from primates where these cells are mainly found in deeper layers and white matter.
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