Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35441227›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022

Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.

Caitriona McGovern, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Karen M Switkowski, Jennifer A Woo Baidal, Jenifer R Lightdale, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Izzuddin M Aris

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02820402 (Project Viva), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02820402 active not recruitingnot on this map

Project Viva: a Longitudinal Study of Health for the Next Generation

TypeobservationalSponsorHarvard Pilgrim Health CareRan1999 to 2027Enrolled2,128ConditionsPediatric Obesity
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
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  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Caitriona McGovernBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8423-7432
Sheryl L Rifas-ShimanDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0033-920X
Karen M SwitkowskiDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8212-4354
Jennifer A Woo BaidalDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6660-3697
Jenifer R LightdaleDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1268-0181
Marie-France HivertDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7752-2585
Emily OkenDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2513-3339
Izzuddin M ArisDivision of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9239-7476
Harvard University · USBoston Children's Hospital · USColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · US

Funding

Prenatal environmental determinants of health in young adulthood: a lifecourse approachR01HD034568 · NICHD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken · 1998 to 2026
$20.6M
Common and distinct early environmental influences on cardiometabolic and respiratory health: Mechanisms and methodsUH3OD023286 · OD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI OKEN, EMILY · 2018 to 2022
$11.7M
Common and distinct early environmental influences on cardiometabolic and respiratory health: Mechanisms and methodsUG3OD023286 · OD · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI KLEINMAN, KENNETH P., OKEN, EMILY · 2016 to 2017
$4.1M
Improving Diagnosis and Prevention of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseK23DK115682 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WOO BAIDAL, JENNIFER AIMEE · 2018 to 2021
$768k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD034568NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK115682NIH HHS UG3 OD023286NIH HHS UH3 OD023286
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrior studies have provided conflicting evidence regarding associations of pediatric milk consumption with subsequent adiposity.

objectivesWe aimed to estimate associations of the consumption frequency and fat content of early childhood milk intake with early adolescent adiposity and cardiometabolic risk.

methodsWe analyzed data collected prospectively from 796 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area prebirth cohort. Parents reported the frequency (times/day) and fat content [higher-fat: whole (3.25%) or 2% milk; lower-fat: 1% or skim milk] of cow's milk consumed in early childhood (mean, 3.2 years) via food-frequency questionnaires. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic markers in early adolescence (mean, 13.2 years) and conducted multivariable regressions to assess associations adjusted for baseline parental and child sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors.

resultsIn early childhood, mean milk intake was 2.3 times/day (SD, 1.2 times/day), and 63% of children drank primarily higher-fat milk. The early childhood BMI z-score (BMIz) was inversely associated with the fat content of milk consumed in early childhood. After adjustment for baseline parent and child factors, early childhood intake of higher-fat compared with lower-fat milk was associated with lower adiposity; however, the 95% CIs for most adiposity outcomes-except for the odds of overweight or obesity (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.93)-crossed the null after adjustment for the baseline child BMIz and BMIz change between ages 2 and 3 years. Early childhood consumption of higher-fat milk (compared with lower-fat milk) was not associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The frequency of cow's milk consumption in early childhood was not associated with adiposity or cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.

conclusionsConsumption of higher-fat cow's milk in early childhood was not associated with increased adiposity or adverse cardiometabolic health over a decade later. Our findings do not support current recommendations to consume lower-fat milk to reduce the risk of later obesity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.

Indexed as

AdiposityCardiovascular DiseasesAnimalsCattleFemaleHumansMilkObesityOverweightadipositycardiometabolic healthcow's milkdairynutrition epidemiologyobesity

Identifiers

PMID35441227
PMCPMC9348987
OpenAlexW4224282846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.