ArticleFrontiers in aging2021
Granzyme B: a double-edged sword in the response to influenza infection in vaccinated older adults.
Article in Frontiers in aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Method to Assess Immunosenescent CD8Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- PD-1 Impairs CD8+ T Cell Granzyme B Production in Aged Mice during Acute Viral Respiratory Infection.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Terminally exhausted CD8Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- NK- and T-cell granzyme B and K expression correlates with age, CMV infection and influenza vaccine-induced antibody titres in older adults.Frontiers in aging · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Influenza-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) have a critical role in clearing the virus from the lungs, but are poorly stimulated by current inactivated influenza vaccines. Our previous work suggests that granzyme B (GrB) activity predicts protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza infection (LCII) in older adults. However, basal GrB (bGrB) activity increases with age and the frequency of GrB Objectives: Using data from a 4-year randomized trial of standard- versus high-dose influenza vaccination, we sought to determine whether measurements of GrB activity alone indicate a protective vs. pathologic response to influenza infection. We compared LCII to No-LCII subsets according to: pre-vaccination bGrB activity; and induced GrB activity in Results: Over four influenza seasons (2014-2018), 27 of 608 adult participants aged 65 years and older developed influenza A/H3N2-LCII (n=18) or B-LCII (n=9). Pre-vaccination, there was a significant correlation between bGrB and Conclusions: Our results suggest that the poor GrB responses to influenza vaccination that led to development of LCII can be attributed to inactivated formulations rather than the aging immune system since LCII cases generated robust
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Registered trials
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