ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2022
Targeted Nipple Areola Complex Reinnervation in Gender-affirming Double Incision Mastectomy with Free Nipple Grafting.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invited Commentary: The Case for Nipple Preservation Over Grafts in Gynecomastia Surgery.Annals of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Comparative Outcome Study of Gynecomastia Surgery and Gender-Affirming Mastectomy With 100% Nipple Preservation.Annals of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Intercostal Nerve Transfer as a Novel Technique for Sensation Preservation in Gender-affirming Subcutaneous Mastectomy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Gender-Affirming Chest Masculinization: What Have We Learned About Patient Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Reinnervation of Free Nipple Grafts Associated With Improved Erection Function.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Nerve Grafts in Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review.The breast journal · 2025Review
- Diagnosis and Management of Neuropathic Breast Pain.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Targeted Reinnervation During Gender-Affirming Mastectomy and Restoration of Sensation.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Sensate immediate breast reconstruction.Gland surgery · 2024Review
- A Relative Value Unit-Based Model for Targeted Nipple-Areola Complex Neurotization in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Targeted Nipple Reinnervation in Gender-affirming Mastectomy Using Autologous Nerve Graft.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Restoration of breast sensation has become an important goal in autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction after cancer-related mastectomy. Although gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting (FNG) results in similar sensory deficits, chest reinnervation concepts have not been applied to this procedure. Methods: This article describes a novel technique to reinnervate the FNG in patients undergoing double incision gender mastectomy. Results: Our technique differs from previously described reinnervation techniques in several aspects: (1) the donor axon count is maximized by preserving the third to fifth lateral cutaneous nerves for coaptation to the nipple areola complex, (2) the reinnervation approach varies and is based on patient anatomy, (3) the distal graft or donor nerve is split into fascicles to increase the reinnervation zone, and (4) the split fascicles are coapted to the dermatosensory peripheral nerve elements of the dermis. Conclusion: Chest reinnervation is technically feasible in patients undergoing double incision gender mastectomy with FNG (please also see the video abstract).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.