ArticlePediatric research2023
Early-life gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preadolescents.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-Life Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiome dynamics in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis decoding the role of gut dysbiosis and potential dietary interventions.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal Prenatal Stress and the Offspring Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Species Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetically Proxied Associations Among 473 Gut Microbial Taxa, 1,400 Circulating Metabolites, and Mental and Behavioral Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiome and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence and Practice Implications.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Ontogeny: Implications for Brain and Immune System Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Early Gut Microbiota and Neurodevelopmental Trajectories: Implications for Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Vulnerability-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The relationship between the gut microbiota and neuropsychological development and behaviour during childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Unveiling the viral dimension: The paediatric gut virome as a key modulator of gastrointestinal metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study in US children and adolescents and Mendelian randomization study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- The role of the gut mycobiota in neurodevelopmental disorders: a multikingdom disruption of the gut-brain axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Neurodevelopmental disorders and the gut microbiome: insights into ADHD and tic disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota profiles and potential biomarkers in pre-pubertal females with ADHD.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of the gut microbiome in pediatric gastrointestinal and neurological health.Translational pediatrics · 2025Review
- The Pediatric Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Development and Intervention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome is associated with insula structure in neonates.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis: Implications for Infant Neurodevelopment and Future Therapeutics.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- The early-life gut microbiome in common pediatric diseases: roles and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- A narrative review of research advances in gut microbiota and microecological agents in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGut microbiota maturation coincides with nervous system development. Cross-sectional data suggest gut microbiota of individuals with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differs. We hypothesized that infant gut microbiota composition is associated with later ADHD development in our on-going birth cohort study, WHEALS.
methodsGut microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal RNA and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) sequencing in stool samples from 1 month and 6 months of age. ADHD was defined by parent-reported or medical record doctor diagnosis at age 10.
resultsA total of 314 children had gut microbiota and ADHD data; 59 (18.8%) had ADHD. After covariate adjustment, bacterial phylogenetic diversity (p = 0.017) and bacterial composition (unweighted UniFrac p = 0.006, R
conclusionsInfant gut microbiota is associated with ADHD development in pre-adolescents. Further studies replicating these findings and evaluating potential mechanisms of the association are needed. IMPACT: Cross-sectional studies suggest that the gut microbiota of individuals with and without ADHD differs. We found evidence that the bacterial gut microbiota of infants at 1 month and 6 months of age is associated with ADHD at age 10 years. We also found novel evidence that the fungal gut microbiota in infancy (ages 1 month and 6 months) is associated with ADHD at age 10 years. This study addresses a gap in the literature in providing longitudinal evidence for an association of the infant gut microbiota with later ADHD development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.