Observational studyJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2022
Carbohydrate content of human milk is affected by seasonal variations: a retrospective observational study.
Observational study in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe influence of seasonal variation upon human milk macronutrient content has not been elucidated. This study aimed to compare the macronutrient content of HM produced by lactating mothers during the winter and the summer seasons. STUDY
designMacronutrient content of colostrum milk samples collected from lactating mothers of healthy term infants between March 2012 and February 2016 was measured by mid-infrared spectroscopy and compared.
resultThe carbohydrate content of the colostrum was significantly higher in the summer season than in the winter season (6.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.5 ± 1.4, p-value < 0.001). Protein, fat, and energy contents were similar in summer and winter in both groups (protein 2.7 ± 2.1 vs. 2.6 ± 2.2 g/100 ml, fat 2.6 ± 1.9 vs. 2.35 ± 1.9 g/100 ml, and energy 62 ± 19.1 vs. 60.5 ± 21 kcal/100 ml, respectively).
conclusionThe carbohydrate content in colostrum obtained from mothers of term infants was affected by seasonal variations.
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Registered trials
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