ArticleScientific reports2022
Preferential stimulation of melanocytes by M2 macrophages to produce melanin through vascular endothelial growth factor.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Moranoline-EnrichedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Estrogen Promotes Melanogenesis Through Facilitating M2 Macrophage Skewing in Melasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Recent advances in immunoregulatory biomaterials for tendon healing: From immune remodeling to functional regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Increased Glucose Availability Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Macrophage-Targeting Immunotherapies.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Medicinal Plants Facilitate the Recovery of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Macrophages: Latest Evidence and Insights.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Novel Adomaviruses Associated with Blotchy Bass Syndrome in Black Basses (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Rapamycin-induced small extracellular vesicles under GelMA scaffolds facilitate diabetic wound repair through accelerating angiogenesis and alleviating macrophage-mediated inflammation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- The Effect of Nerve Growth Factor on Cartilage Fibrosis and Hypertrophy duringInternational journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- Novel adomaviruses associated with blotchy bass syndrome in black basses (Micropterus spp.).PloS one · 2025Article
- Screening for Biomarkers Related to Pigmentation and Formation in Vitiligo.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Different Biocompatibility and Radioprotective Activity of Squid Melanin Nanoparticles on Human Stromal Cells.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Impaired Osteogenesis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Mutations.International journal of stem cells · 2024Article
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Histone modifications and their roles in macrophage-mediated inflammation: a new target for diabetic wound healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Enhances Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Severe Asthma.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Article
- Dimethyl Itaconate Reduces α-MSH-Induced Pigmentation via Modulation of AKT and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a skin discoloration process that occurs following an inflammatory response or wound. As the skin begins to heal, macrophages first exhibit a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) during the early stages of tissue repair and then transition to a pro-healing, anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) in later stages. During this process, M1 macrophages remove invading bacteria and M2 macrophages remodel surrounding tissue; however, the relationship between macrophages and pigmentation is unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of macrophages on melanin pigmentation using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Functional melanocytes were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells and named as hiMels. The generated hiMels were then individually cocultured with M1 and M2 macrophages. Melanin synthesis decreased in hiMels cocultured with M1 macrophages but significantly increased in hiMels cocultured with M2 macrophages. Moreover, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was increased in M2 cocultured media. Our findings suggest that M2 macrophages, and not M1 macrophages, induce hyperpigmentation in scarred areas of the skin during tissue repair.
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