ReviewEBioMedicine2022
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2: The next immune checkpoint for antitumour therapy.
Review in EBioMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human endogenous retroviruses as immune-related prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Evaluation of HHLA2 in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Expression Patterns and Prognostic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Molecular profiling of primary versus paired asynchronous metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma reveals heterogeneity in tumor immune microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Activation of endogenous retroviruses in tumor cells and their immunomodulatory mechanisms: from molecular basis to clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Analysis of human endogenous retrovirus in hepatocellular carcinomas using HERV-Fcount.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular Profiling of Primary versus Paired Asynchronous Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Reveals Heterogeneity in Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Research square · 2025Article
- The Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Initiation and Progression of Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Memory-promoting function of miR-379-5p attenuates CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- HHLA2: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in endocrine-related cancer.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics and genomic profiling in patients with transformed lymphoma: a monocentric retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- HHLA2 deficiency inhibits pancreatic cancer progression and THP-1 macrophage M2 polarization via EGFR/MAPK/ERK and mTOR/AKT pathway.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Hemin blocks TIGIT/PVR interaction and induces ferroptosis to elicit synergistic effects of cancer immunotherapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- COPD and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer: A Literature Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Review
- Evaluation of HHLA2 and CD8 Immunohistochemical Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Significance.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Regulation of HHLA2 expression in kidney cancer and myeloid cells.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- Overexpression and Role of HHLA2, a Novel Immune Checkpoint, in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- B7 Family Members in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Attractive Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the functional role of human endogenous retroviruses in gallbladder cancer.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2 (HHLA2) is a newly emerging immune checkpoint that belongs to B7 family. HHLA2 has a co-stimulatory receptor transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) and a newly discovered co-inhibitory receptor killer cell Ig-like receptor, three Ig domains, and long cytoplasmic tail (KIR3DL3), which endows it with both immunostimulant and immunosuppression functions in cancer development. In this review, we summarize the HHLA2 expression profile in human cancers, its association with cancer prognosis and clinical features, and its dual roles in regulating cancer immune response through up-to-date literatures. Furthermore, we highlight that precision cancer immunotherapy through manipulating HHLA2-KIR3DL3/TMIGD2 interaction is a promising antitumour strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.