Observational studyCancer2022
Frailty and checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in older patients with melanoma.
Observational study in Cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frailty and outcomes in adults undergoing systemic anticancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Pooled it
- Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities in older adults with cancer: recommendations from the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG).The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Guideline
- Immunotherapy in elderly head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- [Suspicion of sarcopenia as a predictor of toxicity in older people with cancer].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Article
- Article
- The Use and Utility of Adjuvant Checkpoint Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Melanoma: A Single Institution Experience.Cancers · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Sarcoidosis-like Reaction in Adjuvant Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Impact of geriatric impairments on outcomes of single-agent immunotherapy in solid tumors.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Bridging FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Clinical Practice: Comprehensive Characterization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Toxicities in Geriatric Lung Cancer Patients.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Inclusion of Older Adults in Early-Phase Cancer Clinical Trials: Safety, Efficacy and a Way Forward.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Ageing, immune fitness and cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma in Older Patients: An Overview of Published Data.Cancers · 2025Review
- Short-term survivors with brain metastases have modest benefits from focal and systemic therapies and remain frequent despite improving treatment landscape.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Impact of Immunosenescence on Immune-Related Adverse Events in Elderly Patients With Cancer.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2025Article
- Immune-related adverse events in older adults receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Frailty trajectories and their determinants in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy: a prospective longitudinal study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Geriatric Assessment in the Era of Targeted and Immunotherapy.Drugs & aging · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that range from mild to life-threatening. Age itself does not seem to be a predictor for the occurrence of irAEs. It is unknown whether frailty plays a role in the occurrence of irAEs. Therefore, the authors assessed whether irAEs and their sequelae occur more often in frail patients than in fit patients according to the Geriatric 8 (G8) assessment.
methodsPatients with melanoma aged 70 years and older who were about to start ICI therapy and were screened with the G8 assessment were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Patients were classified by the G8 as either fit or frail. The primary outcome was the occurrence of grade ≥3 irAEs.
resultsIn total, 92 patients were included for statistical analyses, 26 (29%) of whom were classified as frail. Grade ≥3 irAEs occurred in 20% of patients. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of grade ≥3 irAEs between fit and frail patients (17% vs 27%; P = .26). Frail patients were admitted to the hospital because of irAEs significantly more often than fit patients (29% vs 54%; P = .02) and showed a trend toward increased length of hospitalization (5 vs 8 days; P = .06) and more frequent use of immunosuppressants or ICI discontinuation for irAEs (36% vs 58%; P = .06).
conclusionsAlthough frailty appears to be unrelated to the occurrence of severe irAEs, it is an indicator of irAE-related adverse sequelae, such as hospital admission. Screening for frailty can be of added value in the shared decision-making process for older patients who qualify for ICI treatment.
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