SynthesisPloS one2022
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Is there a link between multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease? A critical note.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Disease-modifying therapies are associated with improved olfactory function via NK cell- microbiota interactions in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring Nasal Structural-Microbial Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Olfactory Impairment.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Observational
- Early olfactory dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reflects transient brain barrier breach and initiation of neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- The mysterious sense of smell: evolution, historical perspectives, and neurological disorders.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Olfactory Evoked Potentials and Brain MRI Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction and Glaucoma.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- Impaired olfactory performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of multiple sclerosis are associated with enhanced adenosine signaling in the olfactory bulb via AFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) in multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review of published cases, mechanistic links between AD and MS, and possible clinical evaluation of AD in MS.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsReview
- Longitudinal Olfactory Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review and Implication for Use in Management of Disease.International journal of MS careArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe importance and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction is recently gaining attention in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a result of their chronic inflammatory disease, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model and a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to see publication bias.
resultsThe literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. Two conference abstracts were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group, and the level of Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively.
conclusionThe results of this systematic review show that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.
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