ArticleRadiology2022
MRI Radiogenomics of Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Multicenter Study.
Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Radiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Medulloblastoma Meta-Analysis Portal Enables Integrative Exploration of Clinical and Genomic Data from Patients.Cancer research · 2025Pooled it
- Predicting molecular subtypes of pediatric medulloblastoma using MRI-based artificial intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- Application of radiomics for diagnosis, subtyping, and prognostication of medulloblastomas: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- MRI-based radiomics for prognosis of non-midline, pediatric high-grade gliomas.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in paediatric neuroradiology: current landscape, challenges, and future directions.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- A case-control study of MRI features in pediatric atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and medulloblastoma.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- APT MRI Signature for Risk Stratification of Pediatric Medulloblastoma.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Neurosurgical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Fractal-geometry analysis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors - a preoperative tool for prediction of histopathology.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Dual-task deep learning model for prediction of medulloblastoma molecular subgroups with preoperative brain MRI.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Distinct visual biases affect humans and artificial intelligence in medical imaging diagnoses.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Review
- Machine learning-based multiparametric CT radiomics for predicting microvascular invasion before nephrectomy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Article
- Exploring deep learning and hybrid approaches in molecular subgrouping and prognostic-related genetic signatures of medulloblastoma.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2025Article
- Multiparametric MRI-based machine learning system of molecular subgroups and prognosis in medulloblastoma.European radiology · 2025Article
- Advancing medulloblastoma therapy: strategies and survival insights.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- PAM-Independent CRISPR-Cas12a System for Specific Assays of Single Nucleotide Variants.JACS Au · 2025Article
- Review
- From Images to Genes: Radiogenomics Based on Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Non-Invasive Precision Medicine in Cancer Patients.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- An international study presenting a federated learning AI platform for pediatric brain tumors.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Advancing presurgical non-invasive molecular subgroup prediction in medulloblastoma using artificial intelligence and MRI signatures.Cancer cell · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
39 authors.
Michael ZhangFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-7067-0689
Samuel W WongFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-0362-6266
Jason N WrightFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-6676-8253
Matthias W WagnerFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-6501-839X
Sebastian ToescuFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-8768-9231
Michelle HanFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Lydia T TamFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-9900-3249
Quan ZhouFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-9351-5614
Saman S AhmadianFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Katie ShpanskayaFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Seth LummusFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Hollie LaiFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Azam EghbalFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Alireza RadmaneshFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Jordan NemelkaFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Stephen HarwardFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-2424-2587
Michael MalinzakFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Suzanne LaughlinFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Sébastien PerreaultFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-4417-7698
Kristina R M BraunFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0003-4804-1218
Robert M LoberFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-0824-0274
Yoon Jae ChoFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Birgit Ertl-WagnerFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-5306-7549
Chang Y HoFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-2358-1851
Kshitij MankadFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-5979-9337
Hannes VogelFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Samuel H CheshierFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0003-4983-6610
Thomas S JacquesFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-7833-2158
Kristian AquilinaFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-7015-5196
Paul G FisherFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-1196-1590
Michael TaylorFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Tina PoussaintFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Nicholas A VitanzaFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-3966-4985
Gerald A GrantFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0002-2651-4603
Stefan PfisterFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Eric ThompsonFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0003-2796-9914
Alok JajuFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-5025-3709
Vijay RamaswamyFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).
Kristen W YeomFrom the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.Z., Q.Z.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Q.Z.), and Pathology (S.S.A., H.V.), Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Radiology (M.Z., K.W.Y.), Neurology (P.G.F.), and Neurosurgery (G.A.G.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, G516, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.W.W.); Department of Radiology (J.N.W.) and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (N.A.V.), Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash; Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (J.N.W.); Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., S. Laughlin, B.E.W.) and Surgery (M.T.) and Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (V.R.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.T., K.A.), Radiology (K.M.), and Developmental Biology & Cancer (T.S.J.), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (M.H.); Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (L.T.T.); Departments of Radiology (K.S., M.M.) and Neurosurgery (S.H.), Duke Children's Hospital & Health Center, Durham, NC; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colo (S. Lummus); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif (H.L., A.E.); Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (A.R.); Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.N., S.H.C., E.T.); Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (S. Perreault); Department of Clinical Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Ind (K.R.M.B., C.Y.H.); Division of Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio (R.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Ore (Y.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass (T.P.); Department of Pediatrics, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S. Pfister); and Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (A.J.).ORCID 0000-0001-9860-3368
Funding
STANFORD CANCER IMAGING TRAINING (SCIT) PROGRAMT32CA009695 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BRUCE L DANIEL, Jeremy Dahl · 1993 to 2026
$7.7MCancer Research UKCIHRDepartment of HealthNCI NIH HHS T32 CA009695
Abstract
Background Radiogenomics of pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) offers an opportunity for MB risk stratification, which may aid therapeutic decision making, family counseling, and selection of patient groups suitable for targeted genetic analysis. Purpose To develop machine learning strategies that identify the four clinically significant MB molecular subgroups. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, consecutive pediatric patients with newly diagnosed MB at MRI at 12 international pediatric sites between July 1997 and May 2020 were identified. There were 1800 features extracted from T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted preoperative MRI scans. A two-stage sequential classifier was designed-one that first identifies non-wingless (
Indexed as
Cerebellar NeoplasmsMedulloblastomaAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHedgehog ProteinsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRetrospective StudiesHedgehog Proteins
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.