ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2022
Extended two-stage designs for environmental research.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Nationwide Comparative Analysis of Temperature-Related Mortality and Morbidity in Japan.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Inverted U-shaped association between bacillary dysentery and temperature: A new finding using a novel two-stage strategy in multi-region studies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Modelling beyond additive risks: A framework for estimating the cascading burden of environmental exposure.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- Air Conditioning Use and Ambulance Transports for Heat-Related Illness Across Summer Months in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Two-way fixed effects models in air pollution epidemiology: a proposed framework for model specifications and recommendations for future studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Heat- and Cold-Associated Mortality in Germany, 2000-2023.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Observational
- Heat Stress and Placental Abruption: A Space-Time Stratified Case-Crossover Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in late-pregnancy exposure to ambient temperature and risk of preterm birth in Japan, a nationwide study from 1979 to 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity in the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection attributable to low and high ambient temperature in Japan: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover analysis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Interrupted Time Series Methods for Nonrandom Sampling Study Designs With Known Sampling Weights.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Data Resource Profile: Climate and Enteric Diseases Research Project (ClimED).International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The association between total precipitation and diarrhea morbidity: A multicountry study across diverse climate zones.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- From the Atacama to Patagonia: Understanding the Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Birth Weight Across Climate Regions in Chile.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Improvements in life expectancy mask rising trends in heat-related excess mortality attributable to climate change.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cause specific mortality risks associated with tropical cyclones in multiple countries and territories: two stage, time series study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Short-Term Effect of Air Pollution on Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in Lombardy-A Case-Crossover Spatiotemporal Study.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Article
- Association between Short-Term Exposure to Humidex and Influenza Incidence in Japan: A Nationwide Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Temperature and Emergency Department Visits: Present-Day Associations and Future Projections.Research square · 2025Article
- Global excess deaths associated with heatwaves in 2023 and the contribution of human-induced climate change.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe two-stage design has become a standard tool in environmental epidemiology to model multi-location data. However, its standard form is rather inflexible and poses important limitations for modelling complex risks associated with environmental factors. In this contribution, we illustrate multiple design extensions of the classical two-stage method, all implemented within a unified analytic framework.
methodsWe extended standard two-stage meta-analytic models along the lines of linear mixed-effects models, by allowing location-specific estimates to be pooled through flexible fixed and random-effects structures. This permits the analysis of associations characterised by combinations of multivariate outcomes, hierarchical geographical structures, repeated measures, and/or longitudinal settings. The analytic framework and inferential procedures are implemented in the R package mixmeta.
resultsThe design extensions are illustrated in examples using multi-city time series data collected as part of the National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). Specifically, four case studies demonstrate applications for modelling complex associations with air pollution and temperature, including non-linear exposure-response relationships, effects clustered at multiple geographical levels, differential risks by age, and effect modification by air conditioning in a longitudinal analysis.
conclusionsThe definition of several design extensions of the classical two-stage design within a unified framework, along with its implementation in freely-available software, will provide researchers with a flexible tool to address novel research questions in two-stage analyses of environmental health risks.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.