ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2022
Maternal lipid profile in pregnancy and embryonic size: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid profile analysis during pregnancy and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic Markers Associated With Altered Fetal Growth in Mediterranean Cohort.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring the nonlinear association between cardiometabolic index and hypertension in U.S. Adults: an NHANES-based study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Early pregnancy serum PFAS are associated with alterations in the maternal lipidome.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Introduction to the Proteomic Analysis of Placentas with Fetal Growth Restriction and Impaired Lipid Metabolism.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational weight gain: individual and combined effects on fetal growth.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy: Disruptions in Lipid Metabolism and Implications for Newborn Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Developmental programming: Preconceptional and gestational exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture alters maternal metabolome in a fetal sex-specific manner.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Educational attainment and offspring birth weight: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLipids are crucial for fetal growth and development. Maternal lipid concentrations are associated with fetal growth in the second and third trimester of pregnancy and with birth outcomes. However, it is unknown if this association starts early in pregnancy or arises later during fetal development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the maternal lipid profile in early pregnancy and embryonic size.
methodsWe included 1474 women from the Generation R Study, a population based prospective birth cohort. Both embryonic size and the maternal lipid profile were measured between 10 weeks + 1 day and 13 weeks + 6 days gestational age. The maternal lipid profile was defined as total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), remnant cholesterol, non-high-density (non-HDL-c) lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-c) ratio. Additionally, maternal glucose concentrations were assessed. Embryonic size was assessed using crown-rump length (CRL) measurements. Associations were studied with linear regression models, adjusted for confounding factors: maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, educational level, ethnicity, smoking and folic acid supplement use.
resultsTriglycerides and remnant cholesterol concentrations are positively associated with embryonic size (fully adjusted models, 0.17 SDS CRL: 95% CI 0.03; 0.30, and 0.17 SDS: 95% CI 0.04; 0.31 per 1 MoM increase, respectively). These associations were not present in women with normal weight (triglycerides and remnant cholesterol: fully adjusted model, 0.44 SDS: 95% CI 0.15; 0.72). Associations between maternal lipid concentrations and embryonic size were not attenuated after adjustment for glucose concentrations. Total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, non-HDL-c concentrations and the TG/HDL-c ratio were not associated with embryonic size.
conclusionsHigher triglycerides and remnant cholesterol concentrations in early pregnancy are associated with increased embryonic size, most notably in overweight women.
trial registrationThe study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam (MEC-2007-413). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
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