ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2022
Associations Between the Digital Clock Drawing Test and Brain Volume: Large Community-Based Prospective Cohort (Framingham Heart Study).
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation status of cognitive digital assessments by the FDA BEST framework and context of use in preclinical AD studies: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- The myth of digital biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: how to make them a reality.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Predicting cognitive impairment using novel functional features of spatial proximity and circularity in the digital clock drawing test.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Higher Amyloid and Tau Burden Is Associated With Faster Decline on a Digital Cognitive Test.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Multi-Algorithm R Shiny Application for Predictive Modeling and Analytics: Case Study of Alzheimer Disease Diagnostics.JMIR aging · 2025Article
- Perioperative Artificial Intelligence Driven Integrated Modeling of Surgeries using Anesthetic, Physical and Cognitive Statuses for Predicting Hospital Outcomes.Research square · 2025Article
- A simple nomogram to predict the onset of dementia in mild cognitive impairment: A retrospective study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of the digital clock drawing test with amyloid and tau PET biomarkers in low age risk adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of digital screening tools in detecting cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Northern China: A large cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- The Combination of Presurgical Cortical Gray Matter Volumetry and Cerebral Perfusion Improves the Efficacy of Predicting Postoperative Cognitive Impairment of Elderly Patients.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Article
- A tablet-based multi-dimensional drawing system can effectively distinguish patients with amnestic MCI from healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Using digital assessment technology to detect neuropsychological problems in primary care settings.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Research on digital tool in cognitive assessment: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) has been recently used as a more objective tool to assess cognition. However, the association between digitally obtained clock drawing features and structural neuroimaging measures has not been assessed in large population-based studies.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between dCDT features and brain volume.
methodsThis study included participants from the Framingham Heart Study who had both a dCDT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and were free of dementia or stroke. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between 18 dCDT composite scores (derived from 105 dCDT raw features) and brain MRI measures, including total cerebral brain volume (TCBV), cerebral white matter volume, cerebral gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Classification models were also built from clinical risk factors, dCDT composite scores, and MRI measures to distinguish people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those whose cognition was intact.
resultsA total of 1656 participants were included in this study (mean age 61 years, SD 13 years; 50.9% women), with 23 participants diagnosed with MCI. All dCDT composite scores were associated with TCBV after adjusting for multiple testing (P value <.05/18). Eleven dCDT composite scores were associated with cerebral white matter volume, but only 1 dCDT composite score was associated with cerebral gray matter volume. None of the dCDT composite scores was associated with hippocampal volume or WMH volume. The classification model for differentiating MCI and normal cognition participants, which incorporated age, sex, education, MRI measures, and dCDT composite scores, showed an area under the curve of 0.897.
conclusionsdCDT composite scores were significantly associated with multiple brain MRI measures in a large community-based cohort. The dCDT has the potential to be used as a cognitive assessment tool in the clinical diagnosis of MCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.