ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2022
Relationship Between Level of American Football Playing and Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a Selection Bias Analysis.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A devastating legacy of repetitive concussion.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 in Participants at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- CTE has multiple pathologic variants that might relate to different clinical symptom presentation.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Exploring the proper use ofGlobal epidemiology · 2026Article
- On media and messaging: fighting fear with facts as the science of chronic traumatic encephalopathy evolves.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Function in Former American Football Players.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative Diseases in Male Former First-Class New Zealand Rugby Players.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Duration of contact sports play associated with aberrant DNA methylation in human frontal cortex.Research square · 2026Article
- Instrumented Mouthguards in Men's Rugby League: Quantifying the Incidence and Probability of Head Acceleration Events at a Group and Individual Level.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Review
- Survey of practices of handling exposure measurement errors in modern epidemiology: are the best practices in statistics being adopted by epidemiologists?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological Principles in Claims of Causality: An Enquiry into Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Health outcomes of former division I college athletes.Brain injury · 2025Article
- Data-driven simulations to assess the impact of study imperfections in time-to-event analyses.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Impact of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Sleep Patterns in Younger Individuals: A Systematic Review.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Review
- Neurodegeneration in the cortical sulcus is a feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and associated with repetitive head impacts.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- 18F-Flortaucipir (AV1451) imaging identifies grey matter atrophy in retired athletes.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Repetitive Head Impacts and Perivascular Space Volume in Former American Football Players.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric correlates of regional tau pathology in autopsy-confirmed chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with exposure to repetitive head impacts such as those from American football. Our understanding of this association is based on research in autopsied brains, since CTE can only be diagnosed postmortem. Such studies are susceptible to selection bias, which needs to be accounted for to ensure a generalizable estimate of the association between repetitive head impacts and CTE. We evaluated the relationship between level of American football playing and CTE diagnosis after adjusting for selection bias. The sample included 290 deceased male former American football players who donated their brains to the Veterans Affairs-Boston University-Concussion Legacy Foundation (VA-BU-CLF) Brain Bank between 2008 and 2019. After adjustment for selection bias, college-level and professional football players had 2.38 (95% simulation interval (SI): 1.16, 5.94) and 2.47 (95% SI: 1.46, 4.79) times the risk of being diagnosed with CTE as high-school-level players, respectively; these estimates are larger than estimates with no selection bias adjustment. Since CTE is currently diagnosed only postmortem, we additionally provide plausible scenarios for CTE risk ratios for each level of play during the former players' lifetime. This study provides further evidence to support a dose-response relationship between American football playing and CTE.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.