ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2022
Gallbladder Disease and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Women's Health Initiative Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with benign gallbladder disease: a large-scale retrospective analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Survey of practices of handling exposure measurement errors in modern epidemiology: are the best practices in statistics being adopted by epidemiologists?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Health disorders in menopausal women: microbiome alterations, associated problems, and possible treatments.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- The relative risk of clinically relevant cholelithiasis among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, real-world study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic Identification of Hub Genes Related to Menopause-Obesity Paradox in Breast Cancer.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have suggested that adults with gallbladder disease have increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This prospective cohort study assessed the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women with gallbladder disease. Data from women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 2005, aged 50-79 years (mean = 63.2; standard deviation, 7.2), were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes associated with gallbladder disease. There were 8,896 new cases of type 2 diabetes after 1,025,486 person-years of follow-up. Gallbladder disease was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38,1.67). The observed risk of type 2 diabetes in women with both gallbladder disease and central obesity was 37% higher than expected (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.11,0.63) on the additive scale. The hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes associated with gallbladder disease were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.19,1.32) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.34,1.63) in women with and without central obesity, respectively, on the multiplicative scale. Results of this study support further studies to determine whether interventions in older women with gallbladder disease would reduce type 2 diabetes risk, especially among those with central obesity. Future research should examine the pathophysiological basis of the association between gallbladder disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
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