ReviewiScience2022
Premise and peril of Wnt signaling activation through GSK-3β inhibition.
Review in iScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell differentiation-related signaling pathways: biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- IL-18 Promotes the Development of Lupus Nephritis by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.Inflammation · 2026Article
- HPC restores mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorates hypoxic stress through the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Friend or foe? Glial-vascular interactions in health and neurodegenerative disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Reimagining GSK-3β Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: From Inhibition to Activity Normalization and Targeted Degradation.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- From chemically defined hiPSCs to self-organizing cardiac organoids: current strategies guided by developmental signaling.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Protein kinases as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease: challenges, insights, and new frontiers.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Wnt Signaling Downregulation Mediates T Cell Apoptosis Following OKT3-Induced T Cell Activation in Preclinical Models.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Peptide-based Wnt signal activation enables scalable production of clinical-grade patient-derived intestinal organoids for regenerative cell therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Volumetric compression regulates the phase separation of AXIN and acts as an operational amplifier to bidirectionally modulate Wnt signaling in organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Herbal medicine for melanin regulation: biological synthesis, effective formulas/compounds, and biopharmaceutical methods.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Review
- Pilot: Wnt signaling controlsmicroPublication biology · 2026Article
- GSK3β Regulates a Novel β-Catenin Degradation Pathway via the GID Complex in Wnt Signaling.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2025Article
- Pharmacological modulation of stem cells signaling pathway for therapeutic applications.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress: Pathological Driver in Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ref-1 redox activity modulates canonical Wnt signaling in endothelial cells.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of SFRP1 by microRNA‑206‑3p may be the underlying cause of osteosarcopenia.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways have been extensively studied in the context of several diseases, including cancer, coronary artery disease, and age-related disorders. β-Catenin plays a central role in the most studied Wnt pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, commonly referred to as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. β-catenin is a substrate of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and the phosphorylated β-catenin by GSK-3β can be degraded by the proteasome through ubiquitination. Thus, GSK-3β inhibitors have become a widely used chemical biology tool to study the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Among the varied GSK-3β inhibitors, a compound known as CHIR-99021 is one of the most widely used. Although these inhibitors contribute greatly to our understanding of the canonical Wnt pathway, certain pitfalls associated with such an approach may have been overlooked. In many published studies, micromolar concentrations of CHIR-99021 are used to activate the canonical Wnt pathway. Although CHIR-99021 is a specific GSK-3β inhibitor, it specifically inhibits the kinase at the nanomolar level. Therefore, caution is required when micromolar levels of CHIR-99021 are used for the purpose of activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.