ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2022
Association between anticholinergic burden and dementia in UK Biobank.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Anti-seizure medication exposure and the risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Harmonizing UK primary care prescription records for research: a case study in the UK biobank.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- A Rapid Mapping Review of Medication Burden in Adults with an Intellectual Disability: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Review
- A simulation study comparing anticholinergic drug use with polypharmacy for risk of death, dementia, and delirium in UK Biobank.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- The anticholinergic medication index and dementia risk: evidence from the UK Biobank and All of Us research program.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Anticholinergic burden and incident dementia: a Swedish nationwide case-control study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- APOE Genotype and Statin Response: Evidence From the UK Biobank and All of Us Program.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Multimorbidity in dementia: Current perspectives and future challenges.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy in patients referred from primary care to tertiary dementia centers in Brazil.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Antidepressants, Depression and Neurocognitive Disorders.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Medication Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury, Seizures, and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Longitudinal study of cognitive decline among women with and without urinary incontinence.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Increased anticholinergic medication use in middle-aged and older autistic adults and its associations with self-reported memory difficulties and cognitive decline.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- Evaluation and management of urinary incontinence in nursing home residents: unique considerations for an at-risk population.Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2024Review
- Bradyphrenia and Tachyphrenia in Idiopathic Parkinsonism Appear, in Part, Iatrogenic: An Observational Study with Systematic Review Background.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Association between Antidepressants and Dementia Risk in Older Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Anticholinergic burden in middle and older age is associated with lower cognitive function, but not with brain atrophy.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Anticholinergic action is rarely a good thing.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Mirabegron and antimuscarinic use in frail overactive bladder patients in the United States Medicare population.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the relationship between anticholinergic drugs and dementia have reported heterogeneous results. This variability could be due to different anticholinergic scales and differential effects of distinct classes of drugs. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazards models, we computed the association between annual anticholinergic burden (AChB) and the risk of dementia in UK Biobank with linked general practitioner prescription records between the years 2000 and 2015 (n = 171,775). Results: AChB according to most anticholinergic scales (standardized odds ratio range: 1.027-1.125) and the slope of the AChB trajectory (hazard ratio = 1.094; 95% confidence interval: 1.068-1.119) were predictive of dementia. However, the association between AChB and dementia held only for some classes of drugs, especially antidepressants, antiepileptics, and antidiuretics. Discussion: The heterogeneity in previous findings may partially be due to different effects for different classes of drugs. Future studies should establish differences in more detail and further examine the practicality of a general measure of AChB relating to the risk of dementia.
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