ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2022
Metformin reverses tamoxifen resistance through the
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Article
- Long non-coding RNAs as modulators of endocrine therapy response in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Non-coding RNA-mediated mechanisms underlying tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The EGR1/caspase-14/HIF-1α axis mediates tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- The role of UPR-related long noncoding RNAs in development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer.International journal of cancer · 2025Review
- GAS5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer through apoptosis induction.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Regulation of immune-mediated chemoresistance in cancer by lncRNAs: an in-depth review of signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Metformin and glioma: Targeting metabolic dysregulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Unraveling non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Non-coding RNAs as potential targets in metformin therapy for cancer.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Metformin and Breast Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspectives from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Breast cancer cell resistance to hormonal and targeted therapeutics is correlated with the inactivation of the NR6A1 axis.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Regulation of the Expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs by Metformin in Ovarian Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- GAS5 protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via miR-28a-5p/MARCH7/NLRP3 axis-mediated pyroptosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Article
- Review
- Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- The Mechanisms of lncRNA-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and the Clinical Application Prospects of lncRNAs in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Metformin (Met) has antitumor effects on various cancers, but it is still unclear whether it exerts a reversible effect on endocrine resistance in breast cancer (BC) patients. In the present survey, metformin's effects on tamoxifen-resistant MCF cells (The cell line was established at the Michigan Cancer Foundation, hence the name MCF cell) were evaluated and the molecular mechanism was explored. Methods: We constructed a tamoxifen-resistant BC cell line MCF-7R, then applied Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and EdU assessments to determine the growth and apoptosis of MCF-7R cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression level of lncRNA GAS5 and the mTOR-associated proteins. Overexpression and downregulation of Results: The combined effect of Met and OHT (4-hydroxytamoxifen, main active metabolite of tamoxifen) was to remarkably reduce the growth and increase the apoptosis of MCF-7R cells compared with OHT alone. The levels of the mTOR, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K proteins in MCF-7R cells decreased after Met treatment, but the p-AMPK2 and PTEN proteins significantly increased. The overexpression of Conclusions: Metformin can inhibit overactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway through upregulating
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.