Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35433373›Full record

ReviewAnesthesiology and pain medicine2022

Novel Local Anesthetics in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic Considerations and Potential Roles for the Future.

Alan D Kaye, Amber N Edinoff, Justin Y Yan, Aaron J Kaye, Michael A Alvarado, Alex D Pham, Azem A Chami, Rutvij J Shah, Bruce M Dixon, Amineh Shafeinia and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alan D KayeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-0187
Amber N EdinoffDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-6206
Justin Y YanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Aaron J KayeLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-7897
Michael A AlvaradoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.
Alex D PhamDepartment of Anesthesiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Azem A ChamiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.
Rutvij J ShahDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.
Bruce M DixonDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.
Amineh ShafeiniaPain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Elyse M CornettDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-3931
Charles FoxDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Los Angeles, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The treatment of pain, both acute and chronic, has been a focus of medicine for generations. Physicians have tried to develop novel ways to effectively manage pain in surgical and post-surgical settings. One intervention demonstrating efficacy is nerve blocks. Single-injection peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are usually preferred over continuous PNBs, since they are not associated with longer lengths of stay. The challenge of single injection PNBs is their length of duration, which at present is a major limitation. Novel preparations of local anesthetics have also been studied, and these new preparations could allow for extended duration of action of anesthetics. An emerging preparation of bupivacaine, exparel, uses a multivesicular liposomal delivery system which releases medication in a steady, controlled manner. Another extended-release local anesthetic, HTX-011, consists of a combination of bupivacaine and low-dose meloxicam. Tetrodotoxin, a naturally occurring reversible site 1 sodium channel toxin derived from pufferfish and shellfish, has shown the potential to block conduction of isolated nerves. Neosaxitoxin is a more potent reversible site 1 sodium channel toxin also found in shellfish that can also block nerve conduction. These novel formulations show great promise in terms of the ability to prolong the duration of single injection PNBs. This field is still currently in development, and more researchers will need to be done to ensure the efficacy and safety of these novel formulations. These formulations could be the future of pain management if ongoing research continues to prove positive effects and low side effect profiles.

Indexed as

ExparelHTX-011MeloxicamNeosaxitoxinNovel Local AnestheticsPeripheral Nerve BlocksPostoperative PainTetrodotoxin

Identifiers

PMID35433373
PMCPMC8995776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.