ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Holistic Approach to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Research landscape, thematic evolution, and translational insights of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: a bibliometric analysis (2006-2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral blood cell counts as predictors of immune-related adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in adverse events among cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: the MOUSEION-07 systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Blood cell counts can predict adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- A Phase II Pilot Study of Anti-PD-L1, Durvalumab, and a PARP Inhibitor, Olaparib in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer With or Without Germline BRCA Mutation.Cancer medicine · 2025Trial
- Artificial intelligence in immune checkpoint inhibitor research: A bibliometric analysis of the landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitorsJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Type 3 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: What Do We Know So Far?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Increased Lymphocyte Proportions as a Candidate Biomarker for Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Hematological Toxicities in the Modern Era of Melanoma Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Optimizing management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis: A case series and literature review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Chromatin regulator expression patterns predict prognosis and guide neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of gilvetmab in dogs with melanoma and mast cell tumor.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- A conceptual blueprint for "turning cold to hot" in Osteosarcoma: from TME stratification hypotheses to adaptive therapeutic prospects.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis is dependent on CD8 T cell-derived TNF and TNFR2 signaling.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Rheumatic immune-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint treatment: a retrospective multicentre study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Article
- Impact of proton pump inhibitor use on immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or its ligand, programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) and enhance antitumor T-cell activity. ICIs provide clinical benefits in a percentage of patients with advanced cancers, but they are usually associated with a remarkable spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (e.g., rash, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, endocrine, cardiac and musculoskeletal dysfunctions). Particularly patients on combination therapy (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1/PD-L1) experience some form of irAEs. Different mechanisms have been postulated to explain these adverse events. Host factors such as genotype, gut microbiome and pre-existing autoimmune disorders may affect the risk of adverse events. Fatal ICI-related irAEs are due to myocarditis, colitis or pneumonitis. irAEs usually occur within the first months after ICI initiation but can develop as early as after the first dose to years after ICI initiation. Most irAEs resolve pharmacologically, but some appear to be persistent. Glucocorticoids represent the mainstay of management of irAEs, but other immunosuppressive drugs can be used to mitigate refractory irAEs. In the absence of specific trials, several guidelines, based on data from retrospective studies and expert consensus, have been published to guide the management of ICI-related irAEs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.