Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity and Safety of Five Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases in Remission or With Low Disease Activity and in Healthy Controls: A Single Center Study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in children and adult patients with rheumatic diseases: a comprehensive literature review.Rheumatology international · 2024Pooled it
- C > U mutations generate immunogenic peptides in SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Beyond interferon gamma - decreased cellular response to COVID-19 vaccination booster in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Favourable humoral but reduced cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- Lectin-Based Immunophenotyping and Whole Proteomic Profiling of CT-26 Colon Carcinoma Murine Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Susceptibility to COVID-19 and Immunologic Response to Vaccination in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A Call to Action: Current Challenges and Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Immunocompromised Populations.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Observational
- Effectiveness and waning of protection with the BNT162b2 vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in immunocompromised individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Efficacy of mRNA and Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines Against COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses in hematologic diseases following completed vaccination protocol with BBIBP-CorV, or AZD1222, or BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- TNF inhibitors significantly attenuate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Article
- A cytotoxic survey on 2-amino-1H-imidazol based synthetic marine sponge alkaloid analogues.Drug development research · 2022Article
- Comparison of Homologous and Heterologous Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Autoimmune Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A diagnostic model for serious COVID-19 infection among older adults in Shanghai during the Omicron wave.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vaccine-induced immunity is essential for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on humoral and cellular immunogenicity and safety of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are limited. Methods: A single center observational study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of the two-dose regimen of the BBIBP-CorV inactivated, Gam-COVID-Vac and AZD1222 adenovirus-based, and BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA-based vaccines in patients with RMDs (n = 89) compared with healthy controls (n = 74). Neutralizing anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) specific antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response were measured one and four months after the second vaccine dose in parallel with vaccination efficacy and safety. Results: Disease-specific comparison showed that antibody response at four months was higher in spondylarthropathies compared to rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune RMDs. Risk factors for reduced immunogenicity included longer disease duration, positive immunoserological profile and anti-CD20 therapy of patients. The rate of positive anti-RBD antibody response for healthy controls versus patients after 4 months post vaccination was 69% vs. 55% for the inactivated viral vaccine BBIBP-CorV, 97% vs. 53% for the pooled data of adenovirus vector-based vaccines Gam-COVID-Vac and AZD1222, or 100% vs. 81% for the pooled data of mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Patients who received the Gam-COVID-Vac or mRNA-1273 vaccines had a higher proportion of TNF-α producing CD4+ T-cells upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation compared to the inactivated viral vaccine. Conclusion: All five investigated vaccines were immunogenic in the majority of patients and healthy controls with variable antibody and T-cell response and an acceptable safety profile.
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