ReviewFrontiers in neurology2022
Subcallosal Cingulate Cortex Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI studies with patients and healthy controls.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Applications of machine learning in deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Brain-cognition relationships in late-life depression: a systematic review of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-nucleus accumbens stimulation for depression: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Lack of neuropsychological effects following short-term subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: a randomised crossover study.BMJ mental health · 2025Trial
- Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Electrical signatures of divergent connectivity in the human subgenual cingulate cortex.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- From lesion to circuit modulation: A narrative review of psychosurgery in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and pathological aggression.Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
- The morphometric features derived as the predictors of acute ischemic stroke recurrence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sense of agency and addiction.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Innovative approaches in the treatment-resistant depression: exploring different therapeutic pathways.GeroScience · 2025Review
- The Role of Subgenual Resting-State Connectivity Networks in Predicting Prognosis in Major Depressive Disorder.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation evokes two distinct cortical responses via differential white matter activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Target engagement of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex with transcranial temporal interference stimulation in major depressive disorder: a protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- Perceived parenting styles and incidence of major depressive disorder: results from a 6985 freshmen cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Novel NIBS in psychiatry: Unveiling TUS and TI for research and treatment.Brain and neuroscience advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered a relatively new and still experimental therapeutic modality for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There is clinical evidence to suggest that stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) involved in the pathogenesis of TRD may exert an antidepressant effect. Aims: To conduct a systematic review of current studies, such as randomized clinical trials (RCTs), open-label trials, and placebo-controlled trials, examining SCC DBS for TRD in human participants. Method: A formal review of the academic literature was performed using the Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Suitable studies were screened and assessed based on patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, adverse events related to DBS, and the stereotactic technique used to guide the implantation of DBS electrodes. Results: The literature search identified 14 clinical studies that enrolled a total of 230 patients with TRD who underwent SCC DBS. The average duration of follow-up was 14 months (range 6-24 months). The response and remission rates at the last available follow-up visit ranged between 23-92% and 27-66.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The current results of SCC DBS are limited by the relatively small number of patients treated worldwide. Nevertheless, studies to date suggest that SCC can be a promising and efficacious target for DBS, considering the high response and remission rates among patients with TRD. The adverse events of SCC DBS are usually transient and stimulation-induced.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.